MT 7 Notes Flashcards
-organisms with the best traits will live longer and reproduce more than others, causing changes in the population over time by acting on traits that are heritable
Natural Selection
a measure of how well you can survive in your environment
Fitness
-evolution can occur on a small scale affecting a single population
Microevolution
-evolution on a large scale affecting changes in species across populations
Macroevolution
a feature that allows an organism to better survive in its environment
Adaptation
independent evolution of similar features in species of different period of time
Convergent Evolution
the acclimation of differences between closely related populations within a species
Divergent Evolution
Gene flow is any movement of genetic material from one population to another
Genetic Variation
the study of chemical processes related to living organisms
-analyzing DNA and proteins from different species allows us to compare similarities to predict common ancestry
Biochemistry
-similar structures that suggest evidence of common ancestry
-result of divergent evolution
Homologous Structure
similar structures that evolved independently in different organisms due to serving similar purposes
-result of convergent evolution, not related
Analogous Structure
structures with little or no function to an organism
-could be leftover form an ancestor that had to use the structure
Vestigial Structure
the study of prehistoric life through the fossil record
Paleontology
2 name naming system, genus species
Binomial Nomenclature
What causes genetic diversity?
mutations, the changes in sequences of genes in DNA
Can organisms evolve?
not individually but populations can
What are the four principles of natural selection?
- overproduction of offspring
- Variation
- Adaptation
4.Descent with modification
a change or the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment
Adaptation
What does comparing DNA sequences tell us about organisms?
how different species are related
What are the levels of organization?
Species–>Genus–>Family–>Order–>Class–>Phylum–>Kingdom–>Domain
the evolutionary history of a species
-helps to classify organisms
Phylogeny
What are the 3 domains?
Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Eukarya
when there are no changes in the allele frequencies in a population over time
Genetic Equilibrium
When will evolution not occur
-Population is large
-Must be random mating
-No migration
-No mutations
-No natural selection
random change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time
Genetic Drift
Who developed the theory of natural selection for how evolution occurs?
Charles Darwin
the study of the form of living things
Morphology
link ancestral species to their descendants
Transitional Fossils
study of the geographic distribution of plants and animals
-looks at where living things are located
Biogeography
study of embryo development
-similarities in the embryos of vertebrates early in development suggest common ancestry among vertebrates
Embryology
