MT 7 Notes

Question 1

-organisms with the best traits will live longer and reproduce more than others, causing changes in the population over time by acting on traits that are heritable

Answer 1

Natural Selection

Question 2

a measure of how well you can survive in your environment

Answer 2

Fitness

Question 3

-evolution can occur on a small scale affecting a single population

Answer 3

Microevolution

Question 4

-evolution on a large scale affecting changes in species across populations

Answer 4

Macroevolution

Question 5

a feature that allows an organism to better survive in its environment

Answer 5

Adaptation

Question 6

independent evolution of similar features in species of different period of time

Answer 6

Convergent Evolution

Question 7

the acclimation of differences between closely related populations within a species

Answer 7

Divergent Evolution

Question 8

Gene flow is any movement of genetic material from one population to another

Answer 8

Genetic Variation

Question 9

the study of chemical processes related to living organisms
-analyzing DNA and proteins from different species allows us to compare similarities to predict common ancestry

Answer 9

Biochemistry

Question 10

-similar structures that suggest evidence of common ancestry
-result of divergent evolution

Answer 10

Homologous Structure

Question 11

similar structures that evolved independently in different organisms due to serving similar purposes
-result of convergent evolution, not related

Answer 11

Analogous Structure

Question 12

structures with little or no function to an organism
-could be leftover form an ancestor that had to use the structure

Answer 12

Vestigial Structure

Question 13

the study of prehistoric life through the fossil record

Answer 13

Paleontology

Question 14

2 name naming system, genus species

Answer 14

Binomial Nomenclature

Question 15

What causes genetic diversity?

Answer 15

mutations, the changes in sequences of genes in DNA

Question 16

Can organisms evolve?

Answer 16

not individually but populations can

Question 17

What are the four principles of natural selection?

Answer 17

1. overproduction of offspring
2. Variation
3. Adaptation
   4.Descent with modification

Question 18

a change or the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment

Answer 18

Adaptation

Question 19

What does comparing DNA sequences tell us about organisms?

Answer 19

how different species are related

Question 20

What are the levels of organization?

Answer 20

Species–>Genus–>Family–>Order–>Class–>Phylum–>Kingdom–>Domain

Question 21

the evolutionary history of a species
-helps to classify organisms

Answer 21

Phylogeny

Question 22

What are the 3 domains?

Answer 22

Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Eukarya

Question 23

when there are no changes in the allele frequencies in a population over time

Answer 23

Genetic Equilibrium

Question 24

When will evolution not occur

Answer 24

-Population is large
-Must be random mating
-No migration
-No mutations
-No natural selection

Question 25

random change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time

Answer 25

Genetic Drift

Question 26

Who developed the theory of natural selection for how evolution occurs?

Answer 26

Charles Darwin

Question 27

the study of the form of living things

Answer 27

Morphology

Question 28

link ancestral species to their descendants

Answer 28

Transitional Fossils

Question 29

study of the geographic distribution of plants and animals
-looks at where living things are located

Answer 29

Biogeography

Question 30

study of embryo development
-similarities in the embryos of vertebrates early in development suggest common ancestry among vertebrates

Answer 30

Embryology