MT 1 World History Flashcards
people who hunt wild animals and gather wild plants for food
Hunter-Gathers
the belief in one god
Monotheism
the 12 followers of Jesus, designed to spread his message
Apostles
-set of ideas, beliefs, and values
-basis for civil service exams
Ideology
the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group
Culture
a political unit consisting of an independent city and the lands surrounding it
City-States
the belief of many gods
Polytheism
the Islamic holy book
Qur’an
a biological process in which the physical characteristics of wild plants and animals change as a result of human intervention
Domestication
a ruler whose power is inherited and unlimited
Absolute-Monarchy
-the world’s first civilization
-eastern part of Fertile Crescent
-“land between two rivers”
Mesopotamia
a hereditary social class in Hindu society
Caste
the spreading or merging of different cultural ideas
Cultural Diffusion
settled; to stay in one place
Sedentary
a series of rulers who come from the same family
Dynasty
the writing form in Mesopotamia
Cuneiform
a belief found in Hinduism and other Indian traditions that the good and evil done in a past life determines the nature of that person’s next life
Karma
is a highly organized and complex society
Civilization
a large political unit in which a number of different lands or people are governed by a single ruler
Empire
-under the rule of Octavian (Augustus) Caesar
-lasted 200 years
-“Roman Peace”
Pax Romana
the ideal state of happiness; Buddhism
Nirvana
the Chinese belief that a ruler’s power stemmed from divine authority; Confucianism
Mandate of Heaven
-created and defended by Athens
Delian League
teachings of Siddhartha Gautama
-lived from 503-483 B.C.
-left home to find greater truth
-fig tree
Buddha
-helped popularize Buddhism
-most admired emperor in the Mauryan empire
Ashoka
Judaism started with him when God visited him
Abraham
taught by him
-was visited by an angel and was told he was Allah’s prophet
-followers are called muslims
Muhammed
son of God/messiah
-Christians learn about his teachings
Jesus
founded in China by Kongfuzi
-his teachings came from heaven
Confucius
describe the difference between a civilization, empire, and a republic.
Civilization: is a highly organized society; they each have their own way of doing certain things
Empire: a large political unit that is governed by one ruler
Republic: a system of government where people rule through representatives who govern by the law
What was the Fertile Crescent?
It is between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. There is plenty of water which is good for crops. It overflows a lot.
Which rivers created the world’s first great civilizations?
-Tigris
-Euphrates
-Nile
Describe the different castes in Hinduism.
the castes are the divisions of society
-Brahmin: priests and judges; highest
-Kshatriyas: warriors and leaders, second
-Vaishyas: merchants, farmers, and traders, third
-Shudras: peasants and artisans, fourth
-Untouchables: live outside of the caste system; don’t touch
respect was critical to social order
Filial Piety
To disperse
Jewish Diaspora
a duty or obligation to live an honorable life
Dharma
What are the 5 pillars of Islam?
-alms giving/Charity
-faith
-prayer
-pilgrimage/Haji
-fasting
Islamic law based on the Qur’an and Sunnah, provides guidance on all aspects of life
Shari’ah law
benevolence/humanity
Ren
a collection of ancient texts that are the foundation of Hinduism
Vedas
What do Hindus believe in? What is it?
Reincarnation; the birth, death, and rebirth cycle
