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MT 1 notes > MT 5 Notes > Flashcards

MT 5 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

A pentose (5-Carbon sugar) biological molecule; DNA

A

Deoxyribose

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2
Q

sugar that forms the backbone of RNA

A

Ribose

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3
Q

the bond that connects and holds the nitrogenous base pairs together within the molecule

A

hydrogen Bonds

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4
Q

occur within each linear strand and strongly bond the bases, sugars, and phosphate groups

A

Covalent Bonds

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5
Q

a covalent bond formed between the carboxyl group of amino acid 1 and the amino group of amino acid 2

A

Peptide Bonds

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6
Q

part of the molecule is conserved/saved, during DNA the two strands of nucleotides separate

A

Semi-Conservative Replication

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7
Q

make up nucleic acids, have three parts: sugar, phosphate, and Nitrogen base

A

Nucleotide

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8
Q

Where does DNA replication take place?

A

in the nucleus during S phase

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9
Q

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

A

DNA uses the Nitrogen base Thymine, while in RNA it switches it out with Uracil. DNA is a double strand Helix, and RNA is single-stranded

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10
Q

What type of bonds hold DNA together?

A

weak hydrogen bonds

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11
Q

What does it mean when DNA is semi-conservative?

A

-each parent strand is a template that determines the order of the new bases
-forms a “complementary” strand to original strand
-the newly synthesized double helix is a combination of one “old” and one “new” DNA strand

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12
Q

a chain of amino acids; can bind to others and fold into a protein

A

Polypeptide

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13
Q

mRNA is attached to this, it reads the mRNA codons starting at AUG

A

Ribosome

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14
Q

-the transformation from DNA to RNA
-carry the code/instructions out of the nucleus

A

Transcription

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15
Q

-the transformation from mRNA to a polypeptide
-read/follow the instructions carried on the mRNA to make a polypeptide

A

Translation

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16
Q

a set of 3 nucleotides on the mRNA

A

Codon

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17
Q

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells

A

Chromosome

17
Q

monomer for making proteins, held together by peptide bonds

A

Amino Acid

18
Q

a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring

A

Gene

19
Q

Where does transcription take place?

A

Nucleus

20
Q

How does transcription take place?

A

copying a gene’s DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule

21
Q

Where does translation take place?

A

ribosomes

22
Q

How does translation take place?

A

where mRNA is read and translated into the string of amino acid chains that make up the synthesized protein

23
Q

2 full sets of chromosomes, 2n
Ex. In human somatic cells, 2n=46

A

Diploid

24
Q

one full set of chromosomes, (n)
Ex. Gametes= egg and sperm, n=23

A

Haploid

25
Q

body cells, these are diploid
Ex. blood cells, lung cells, muscle cells, heart cells

A

Somatic Cell

26
Q

Sex cells, these are haploid
Ex. egg and sperm

A

Gamete

27
Q

chromosome pairs that have the same types of genes, one from mom and one from dad

A

Homologous Chromosomes

28
Q

-can occur between homologous chromosomes
-during prophase 1homologous chromosomes are lined up together
-when this happens they swap pieces of DNA

A

Crossing Over

29
Q

When does interphase occur?

A

it can happen before both

30
Q

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

A

Mitosis is to grow and repair cells, and meiosis is to create new life

31
Q

How do the cells produced in meiosis relate to the original cell?

A

each daughter cells receives a mixture of chromosomes from two sets in the parent cell

32
Q

carry traits that make you who you are
Ex. the first 22 pairs of chromosomes

A

Autosomes

33
Q

carry traits that make you who you are AND determine your biological sex
Ex. the 23rd pair of chromosomes

A

Sex Chromosomes

34
Q

diagram that shows the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in a cell

A

Karyotype

35
Q

-messenger
-copies instruction in DNA and carries these to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm

A

mRNA

36
Q

-transfer
-binds and carries specific amino acids to the ribosomes

A

tRNA

37
Q

-ribosomal
-along with proteins, make up the ribosome
-They also help catalyze the formation of peptide bonds

A

rRNA

38
Q

code of instructions for how to make proteins

A

Genetic Code

39
Q

“complementary” 3 nucleotides on tRNA

A

Anticodon

40
Q

the study of changes in gene expression that are heritable
-different from mutations

A

Epigenetic

41
Q

gene expression is a highly regulated process
-turning genes “on” and “off” is critical for cell differentiation

A

Regulation

MT 1 notes (15 decks)

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