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MT 1 notes > MT 4 Notes > Flashcards

MT 4 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

(substrate)
substances that are changed during a chemical reaction

A

Reactant in a Chemical Reaction

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2
Q

substances that are made by a chemical reaction

A

Product in a Chemical Reaction

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3
Q

build large molecules from smaller ones, requires consuming energy to do it = endersonic

A

Anabolic

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4
Q

break down larger molecules into simpler compounds, release energy =energonic

A

Catabolic

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5
Q

absorbs energy (in the form of heat or light)
Ex. Photosynthesis

A

Endothermic

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6
Q

releases energy (in the form of heat or light)
Ex. cellular respiration

A

Exothermic

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7
Q

substances that speed up reactions without being permanently altered

A

Catalyst

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8
Q

mostly proteins that speed up biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy
-metabolic reactions are controlled by this

A

Enzyme

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9
Q

the amount of energy needed to make a chemical reaction start

A

Activation Energy

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10
Q

Enzymes active site gets deformed and loses its specific shape –> loss of biological activity

A

Denaturation

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11
Q

What are 5 ways to change reaction rates?

A

Temperature, pH, Substrate Concentration, Catalysts, Competitive Inhibitor

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12
Q

What is the purpose of an enzyme?

A

to help speed up chemical reactions in our body

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13
Q

What organelle does photosynthesis occur in?

A

Chloroplast

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14
Q

What organism does photosynthesis occur in?

A

plants, algae, some animals

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15
Q

What is the purpose of Photosynthesis?

A

the overall process by which sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide are chemically converted into chemical energy stored in glucose

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16
Q

Carbon Dioxide + Water –> Glucose + Oxygen + Water

A

formula for Photosynthesis

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17
Q

Is Photosynthesis Endothermic or Exothermic?

A

It is endothermic, because it takes in energy from the sun

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18
Q

Glucose + Oxygen –> Water + Carbon Dioxide + Energy

A

formula for cellular respiration

19
Q

The pigment that captures sunlight

A

Chlorophyll

20
Q

-requires solar energy
-to capture energy from the sun and store energy in “energy-carrying molecules”
-occurs in the grana where the chlorophyll is stored

A

Light-Dependent Reaction

21
Q

-does NOT require any solar energy
-to use the energy from the “energy-carrying molecules” from the light-dependent reaction to make sugar
-occurs in the storm

A

Light-Independent Reaction

22
Q

What are the reactants of Light-Independent reactions?

A

Calvin Cycle: ATP, NADPH, Hydrogen, Carbon Dioxide

23
Q

What is the product of Light-Independent Reactions

A

Glucose

24
Q

What are the reactants of Light-Dependent Reactions?

A

Energy from the sun

25
Q

What are the products of Light-Dependent reactions?

A

Oxygen, ATP, NADPH, hydrogen

26
Q

Chemical reactions powered by ATP and NADPH combine hydrogen (from water) with carbon dioxide to form sugar molecules (glucose)

A

Calvin Cycle

27
Q

C6 H12 O6

A

glucose

28
Q

Adenosine triphosphate, an energy-carrying molecule that carries/stores energy for cell functions

A

ATP

29
Q

Adenosine diphosphate, it is combined with a phosphate molecule to make ATP

A

ADP

30
Q

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, an important electron donor that is used in a variety of biological settings

A

NADPH

31
Q

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, is normally far less abundant in cells due to its immediate reduction to NADPH

A

NADP

32
Q

What is the order of the process of Photosynthesis?

A

Starts off as Light-Dependent by energy from the sun that is passed down the Electron Transport Chain and is stored in the bonds of ATP and NADPH. Then water molecules are split into hydrogen and oxygen. Oxygen is released as a waste product. ATP, NADPH, and hydrogen leave the grana and go into the storma for the next stage. Then it goes through the Calvin cycle and that takes in carbon dioxide and when it is done it releases glucose and NADPH and ATP then the cycle starts all over again.

33
Q

What organelle does cellular respiration take place in?

A

Mitochondrion

34
Q

What Organism does cellular respiration take place in?

A

nearly all living things

35
Q

C6H12 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy(ATP)

A

cellular respiration

36
Q

What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

A

to convert chemical energy in food (glucose) to chemical energy stored in ATP

37
Q

-oxygen is available
-goes through citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) and Electron Transport Chain
-36-38 ATP

A

Aerobic Respiration

38
Q

-Oxygen is not available
-goes through Fermentation (2 types)
Lactic acid and Alcohol Fermentation
-2-4 ATP

A

Anaerobic Respiration

39
Q

What are the 2 types of fermentation?

A

Lactic acid and Alcohol Fermentation

40
Q

What organisms perform Lactic Acid Fermentation?

A

occurs in some bacteria and animal cells (muscles)

41
Q

What organisms perform Alcohol Fermentation?

A

occurs in yeast

42
Q

Why is ATP important?

A

the primary energy source for important biological functions

43
Q

How is energy released from an ATP molecule?

A

When one phosphate group is removed

44
Q

What is the order of Cellular Respiration?

A

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport chain

MT 1 notes (15 decks)

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