Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MT 1 notes > MT 3 Notes > Flashcards

MT 3 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main parts of the cell theory?

A
  1. All living things are made of cells
  2. Cells are the most basic units of life
  3. All cells come from other cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do all cells have?

A

Genetic material, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bacteria
-No nucleus
-No membrane-bound organelles
-binary fission
-unicellular
-made of peptidoglycan

A

prokaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Found In humans, plants, fungi, and protists
-Has a nucleus
-has membrane-bound organelles
-is uni or multicellular
-only fungi and plants have cell membranes, made o chitin or cellulose

A

eukaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

controls what goes in and out of the cell

A

cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

protects the DNA that controls the activities of the cell

A

nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Plant, bacteria, and fungi cells only!
-protect and maintain shape

A

cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Makes proteins

A

ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

storage (water, nutrients, and waste)

A

vacuole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gets vesicles of proteins from the ER
-processes, sorts, and ships proteins where needed

A

Golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

makes lipids (membrane)

A

smooth ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

makes proteins, packages them for secretion

A

rough ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Plant cells only!
-where photosynthesis happens
-converts energy from sun energy to sugar

A

chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

-where cellular respiration happens
-breaks down food to release energy as ATP
-“powerhouse of the cell”

A

mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Animal cells and Bacteria cells only!
-cilia: move fluid across cell’s surface
-flagella: move entire cell’s surface through extracellular fluid

A

cilia and flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Animal cells only!
-appear during cell division
-help cells divide by pulling chromosomes apart

A

centriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In Animal cells only!
-breaks down dead stuff (food, bacteria, and old parts of cells)
-can do programmed cell death (apoptosis)

A

lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

like mini-carts that transport proteins around the cell

A

vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

water concentration is lower than cell’s cytoplasm
-water out of the cell and then the cell shrivels

A

hypertonic solution

20
Q

water concentration is higher than the cell’s cytoplasm
-water into the cell and then the cell swells

A

hypotonic solution

21
Q

identical water concentration to cell’s cytoplasm, cell stays the same

A

isotonic solution

22
Q

the output of a system intensifies the response; amplification
ex:
-human child birth
-fruit ripening

A

positive feedback mechanisms

23
Q

the output of a system causes a counter response to return to a set point; stabilization
ex:
-human body temperature
-water concentration

A

negative feedback mechanisms

24
Q

requires no extra energy

A

passive transport

25
Q

requires extra energy

A

active transport

26
Q

The spreading out of molecules across a membrane until equilibrium is reached; moves down the concentration gradient from high to low concentration

A

diffusion

27
Q

a transported protein helps to facilitate the diffusion of molecules that normally couldn’t pass through the cell membrane; high to low concentration gradient

A

facilitated diffusion

28
Q

the simple diffusion of water across the cell membrane; move from high water concentration to low water concentration

A

osmosis

29
Q

uses vesicles to move large particles into the cell;
ex. when white blood cells engulf bacteria in order to fight infection

A

endocytosis

30
Q

uses vesicles to export materials out of the cell
ex. when nerve cells secrete neurotransmitters to send signals throughout the body

A

exocytosis

31
Q

when a cell uses energy to pump molecules across the membrane; moves against the concentration gradient

A

molecular pumps

32
Q

Need of organisms to stay stable by regulating internal conditions

A

homeostasis

33
Q

What are the steps of mitosis? (IPMATC)

A

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis

34
Q

the G1, S, and G2 phase happens; cell growth

A

Interphase

35
Q

chromosomes condense and are visible as sister chromatids

A

Prophase

36
Q

spindle fibers connect to the centrioles; down the middle

A

Metaphase

37
Q

sister chromatids separate, pulling away from each other and becoming individual chromosomes; opposite ends

A

Anaphase

38
Q

Chromosomes de-condense and start to look like chromatin again; 2 cell membranes

A

Telophase

39
Q

the division of cytoplasm into 2 individual cells

A

Cytokinesis

40
Q

Why do cells divide?

A

to grow and repair new cells

41
Q

undifferentiated cells that can become differentiated into one or more types of specialized cells

A

stem cells

42
Q

What causes cancer?

A

when cells start dividing uncontrollably and cell cycle regulation breaks down, then cells divide much more often than healthy cells do and forms tumors. biological factors, lifestyle choices, viruses and other infections

43
Q

What are the 2 types of tumors called?

A

Benign and Malignant

44
Q

spreading of disease from one organ to others

A

metastasize

45
Q

What is the end result of Mitosis?

A

2 identical body cells

46
Q

How do the new daughter cells compare to the original?

A

The new daughter cells contain the exact same contents as the original cell, there is just 2 of them

47
Q

How is the cell cycle regulated?

A

cell cycle is controlled by a chemical control system that starts and stops events in the cell cycle

MT 1 notes (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions