MT 6 Notes

Question 1

if present, allele will always have that trait if expressed

Answer 1

Dominant

Question 2

allele will ONLY have that trait expressed when dominant allele is not present

Answer 2

Recessive

Question 3

2 of the same alleles

Answer 3

Homozygous

Question 4

2 different alleles

Answer 4

Heterozygous

Question 5

a dominant (strong) allele will express itself over a recessive (weak) allele

Answer 5

Law of Dominance

Question 6

-the assortment of chromosomes for one trait doesn’t affect the assortment of chromosomes for another trait
-this allows for any combination of maternal and paternal chromosomes to be passed on because homologous chromosomes line up randomly during metaphase

Answer 6

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 7

when chromosomes separate in meiosis, each gamete will receive only one chromosome from each pair

Answer 7

Law of Segregation

Question 8

the actual alleles inherited

Answer 8

Genotype

Question 9

the physical traits/characteristics seen in an organism

Answer 9

Phenotype

Question 10

different versions of the same gene

Answer 10

Alleles

Question 11

males and females have the same chromosomes for 1-22. Although, last pair are different

Answer 11

Sex-Linked trait

Question 12

a chart used to trace the phenotypes

Answer 12

Pedigree

Question 13

any change in DNA (the order of nucleotide bases)

Answer 13

Mutation

Question 14

happens during DNA replication and cause a change to the original DNA sequence, happen during mutation

Answer 14

Gene Mutation

Question 14

changes in the number or structure of chromosomes

Answer 14

Chromosomal Mutation

Question 15

pieces of non-homologous chromosomes exchange segments (during crossing over)

Answer 15

Translocation

Question 16

chromosomes do not separate correctly during anaphase, resulting in 1 or 3 chromosomes rather than 2 per cell

Answer 16

Nondisjunction

Question 17

What are some causes of mutation?

Answer 17

-mistakes made during DNA replication, mitosis, meiosis, or protein synthesis
-mutagens
-viruses

Question 18

occur in somatic cells and are passed on by mitosis to cancer

Answer 18

somatic mutations

Question 19

occur in germ line cells that give rise to gametes and are passed on by meiosis to mutated offspring

Answer 19

germ line mutations

Question 20

substitute one nucleotide for another, often caused by replication errors or environmental mutagens

Answer 20

point mutations

Question 21

the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide

Answer 21

frameshift mutations

Question 22

What sex chromosomes does a male have?

Answer 22

XY

Question 23

What sex chromosomes does a female have?

Answer 23

XX

Question 24

Can males be carriers?

Answer 24

no

Answer 25

linked genes

Question 26

Who is more likely to have a sex linked trait?

Answer 26

Males, because they either have it or they don’t

Question 27

having more than two alleles for one gene

Answer 27

multiple alleles

Question 28

the heterozygous phenotype is somewhere between the two homozygous phenotypes

Answer 28

incomplete dominance

Question 29

both traits are fully and separately expressed
Ex. Blood type

Answer 29

co-dominance

Question 30

a trait produced by 2 or more genes
-usually shows a range in phenotype

Answer 30

polygenic inheritance