MSK Pathologies

Question 1

Knee

Answer 1

ACL: hyperflexion, deceleration, hyperextension, or landing in an unbalanced position

MCL: blow to outside of knee (valgus force) with external tibial rotation

LCL: blow to inside of knee (varus force)

PCL: landing on tibia with flexed knee or hitting dashboard with flexed knee

Question 2

Hip

Answer 2

femoral anteversion: >15 degrees
femoral retroversion: <8 degrees
*normal - femoral anteversion 8-15 degrees

Question 3

Ankle/Foot

Answer 3

achilles sprain/rupture: most common between 30-50 year olds, perform Thompson test and toe raise

plantar fasciitis: severe heel pain when first standing in the morning, TTP over calcaneal insertion

ATFL sprain: excessive inversion, anterior drawer test

CFL sprain: excessive inversion, talar tilt test

deltoid ligament sprain: excessive eversion, lateral rotation stress test (Kleiger’s)

Question 4

Shoulder

Answer 4

adhesive capsulitis
RTC pathology
SLAP
impingement

Question 5

Elbow

Answer 5

lateral epicondylitis
medial epicondylitis

Question 6

Wrist/Hand

Answer 6

FOOSH
Colles’: FOOSH with wrist extended
Smith’s: FOOSH with wrist flexed
Carpal tunnel syndrome: median nerve compression
Guyon’s canal syndrome: ulnar nerve compression formed by pisiform and hamate

Question 7

Thumb

Answer 7

de quervain’s
skier’s
gamekeeper’s

Question 8

TMJ

Answer 8

bite stick test:
- ipsilateral = muscle
- contralateral = joint

Question 9

TMJ: arthralgia

Answer 9

arthralgia: joint-related pain
- morning stiffness/pain, pain with loading, joint signs, headaches, facial pain, ipsilateral deflection that remains

Question 10

TMJ: disc displacement with reduction

Answer 10

disc displacement with reduction:
- clicking, ipsilateral deviation that returns to midline, wobbly and painful joint

Question 11

TMJ: disc displacement without reduction

Answer 11

disc displacement without reduction:
- clicking, with/without locking/catching, joint noise clicking that stopped, ipsilateral deviation that remains, stiff and painful joint

Question 12

TMJ: hypermobility

Answer 12

hypermobility: joint laxity
- hx of joint noise, locking/catching open, locked open (needs a self maneuver), loose and painful joint
- strain, sublux, dislocate

Question 13

TMJ: myalgia

Answer 13

myalgia: no clicking, lacking joint signs and symptoms
local or referred pain
postural and parafunctional factors

Question 14

Shoulder Capsular Pattern

Answer 14

ER> ABD> IR

Question 15

Hip Capsular Pattern

Answer 15

Flex>ABD>IR

Question 16

Radiohumeral Capsular Pattern

Answer 16

flexion>extension>supination>pronation

Question 17

Ulnohumeral Capsular Pattern

Answer 17

flexion>extension

Question 18

Knee Capsular Pattern

Answer 18

flexion> extension

Question 19

Upper crossed syndrome

Answer 19

Weak deep neck flexors
Weak lower trap and serratus

Tight upper traps and levator scap
Tight pec minor and major

Question 20

Lower crossed syndrome

Answer 20

Tight erector spinae
Tight iliopsoas

Weak gluteals
Weak abdominal