Metabolic System Flashcards
Metabolic system function
governs chemical and physical changes that take place within the body enabling it to grow and function
metabolism: breakdown of complex organic compounds (catabolism) to generate energy for all bodily processes and also synthesize complex substances (anabolism) that form tissues and organs
Metabolism system pathology (4)
Phenylketonuria/PKU (amino acid/organic acid metabolic disorder): a syndrome that consists of intellectual disability along with cognitive behavior issues 2/2 elevated serum phenylalanine
Tay-Sachs disease (lysosomal storage disorder): absence/deficiency of hexosaminidase A that produces an accumulation of gangliosides (GM2) within the brain
- infant misses developmental milestones, continues to deteriorate in motor and cognitive skills, and typically does not live past 5 years old
Mitochondrial disorders: impaired function of proteins found in mitochondria
- sxs vary depending on type of dx
Wilson’s disease (hepatolenticular degeneration): defect in body’s ability to metabolize copper, which then accumulates in liver, brain, cornea, kidneys, and other tissues
-Kayser-Fleischer rings around eyes
Acid-Base Metabolic Disorders (2)
metabolic acidosis: pH < 7.35, HCO3- <22 meq/L
metabolic alkalosis: pH >7.45, HCO3- >26 meq/L
Metabolic Bone Disease (3)
osteomalacia: softening of bone due to calcium/phosphorus deficiency
osteoporosis: decrease in bone mass with subsequent risk of fracture
DXA scan classifications of bone density
-1 to 1 SD: normal
-1 to -2.5 SD: osteopenia
< -2.5 SD: osteoporosis
< -2.5 SD with 1 or more fractures: severe osteoporosis
high risk of compression fractures with flexion and rotation
Paget’s disease: excessive osteoclast activity
-excessive bone formation with large bone appearance, but bone is weak and lacks structural integrity
Risk of Metabolic Syndrome
HDL < 40 (men) or 50 (women)
Triglycerides > 150
Waist size > 40 in (men) or 30 in (women)
Fasting blood glucose > 110
