GI

Question 1

Upper GI

Answer 1

mouth
esophagus
stomach

Question 2

Lower GI- small intestines

Answer 2

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

Question 3

Lower GI- large intestines

Answer 3

ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anus

Question 4

GI gland organs

Answer 4

liver
gallbladder
pancreas

Question 5

RUQ

Answer 5

liver
gallbladder

Question 6

LUQ

Answer 6

stomach
spleen
pancreas

Question 7

RLQ

Answer 7

ascending colon
appendix
psoas

Question 8

LLQ

Answer 8

descending colon
sigmoid colon

Question 9

Common esophageal pathologies

Answer 9

hiatal hernia: stomach pushes up into esophagus due to weak lower esophageal sphincter

GERD: backflow of stomach contents into esophagus

esophageal cancer

Question 10

Common stomach pathologies

Answer 10

gastritis: inflammation of stomach due primarily to H pylori bacteria (chronic/type B) or stress and NSAID use (acute/type A)

peptic ulcer disease: disruption or erosion of stomach lining due to H. pylori bacteria or chronic NSAID use

Question 11

Common intestinal pathologies

Answer 11

diverticulitis: inflamed/infected diverticula (pockets in the intestines)

inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s, ulcerative colitis) *increase fiber intake to treat

irritable bowel syndrome: recurrent symptoms of upper and lower GI system that interfere with normal colon function

malabsorption syndrome: inability to effectively absorb nutrients from digested food

intestinal hernia: intestines pokes through weak abdominal muscle

Question 12

Common liver pathologies

Answer 12

hepatitis: liver inflammation A-G, (A-C are most common)
hep C is the most common etiology for chronic liver disease and eventual liver failure

cirrhosis: healthy liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue that blocks blood flow and affects proper functioning

Question 13

Common pancreas pathologies

Answer 13

Type 1 DM
Type 2 DM
gestational diabetes

(see endocrine systems)

Question 14

Common gallbladder pathologies

Answer 14

cholecystitis: inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by gallstones (cholelithiasis) from high fat/cholesterol diet
Murphy’s sign: press down as patient exhales
-(+) w pain or pt stoops breathing

Question 15

Common Pharm Mgmt for GI

Answer 15

antacid
antibiotics
antidiarrheal

antiemetic: reduces nausea and vomiting

emetic: induce vomiting

H2 receptor blockers: prevent histamine-activated release of gastric acid

Question 16

Referred pain patterns

Answer 16

liver and gallbladder: R scapular and shoulder regions

pancreas: L shoulder and back, upper abdomen, epigastric region

spleen: L shoulder and back

heart: LUE, jaw, chest

RUQ: cholecystitis, hepatitis
LUQ: pancreatitis, gastritis, spleen injury
RLQ: appendicitis, psoas injury
LLQ: diverticulitis

upper quadrants: pneumonia
lower quadrants: kidney stone, ureteral stone, intestinal obstruction