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Special Stuff phase 1 > msk cram > Flashcards

msk cram Flashcards

1
Q

what released from sarcolemma

A

na+

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2
Q

what released from sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

ca+

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3
Q

when is ATP released in contraction

A
  • atp hydrolyzed to adp and pi to cause energy for cocking position and pi released, initiating power stroke
  • adp released after power stroke
  • another atp binds to myosin to unbind myosin and actin so myosin can attach to another actin binding site
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4
Q

tropomodulin

A

caps on minus end of actin (near m line)

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5
Q

cap z

A

caps on plus end of actin - attaches to z line

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6
Q

difference between slow (type 1) and fast (type 2) twitch muscle fibres

(4ish)

A
  • slow fibres aerobic (oxidative phosphorylation) , fast fibres anaerobic (glycotic)
  • slow are more metabolically economical, 38 xATP compared to 2xATP +lactic acid from fast fibres
  • fast fibres fatiguable – lactic acid lowers sarcoplasm pH so muscles work less well
  • fast fibres contain fewer mitochondria and higher glycogen stores

type 2= 2a (mix of both types) and 2b (just glycolysis type)

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7
Q

thyroid gland releases calcatonin, effect on calcium

A

less resorption, lower ca2+ (opposite to PTH)

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8
Q

fgf 23

  • from
  • release caused by
  • effect
A

osteocytes

phosphate, PTH

less active vit D, less kidney reabsorption – so less phosphate

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9
Q

trapezius
innervated by
action

A

Accessory (cn11)

elevate, depress, adduct scapula

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10
Q

deltoid
innervated by
action

A

axillary

arm abduction 15-90 degrees

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11
Q

subscapularis
innervated by
action

A

axillary

medially rotates arm

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12
Q

biceps brachii
innervation
action

A

elbow flex
forearm suppination
musculocutaneous

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13
Q

triceps brachii
innervation
action

A

radial

elbow extension

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14
Q

brachialis
innervation
action

A 
elbow flex (main)
musculocutaneous
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15
Q

coracobrachialis (superior, proximal)
innervation
action

A

flex shoulder

musculocutaneous

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16
Q

pronator teres and pronator quadratus

  • innervation
  • how to spot them
A
  • quadratus is like a anterior wristband
    teres crosses upper forearm medial elbow to lateral (radius)
    -median nerve
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17
Q

flexor carpi radialis and ulnaris

  • action
  • innervation
A

carpi= wrist so flexes wrist, and abduct/adduct depending on which side

  • radialis= median
  • ulnaris = ulnar nerve
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18
Q

palmaris longus

  • action
  • attaches to
  • inntercation
A
  • flex wrist
  • palmar faschia
  • median
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19
Q
  • flexor digitorum superficialis vs profundis

- innervation- (Excpet)

A
  • superficialis goes to middle phalanges and profundis goes to distal phalynx
  • all median except4/5 profundis fingers, which are ulnar
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20
Q

carpal bones

thumb-pinky, two rows

A

scaphoid
luneate
triquetrium
pisiform

trapzius
trapezoid
capitate
hamate

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21
Q

opponenes pollicus

  • action
  • innevation
A
  • opposes thumb- makes it point to pinky

- median

22
Q

all pollicus innervation=

except=

A

median
abductor pollicis brevis= ulnar
abductor pollicis longis = radial (posterior forearm)
extensor pollicis longis and brevis = radial (post forearm)

23
Q

interosseri

  • action
  • innervation
A
  • palmar ones (x3, no middle finger) - adduct, dorsal onees (x4 - no pinky- this is abductor digiti minimi)- abduct (PADOUT)
  • ulnar
24
Q

lumbricals

  • where
  • action
  • innervation
A
  • attach from flexor profundis tendon to extensor tendon
  • they flex metacarpo join and straighten finger (interphalangeal joints)
  • medial 2= ulnar
    lateral 2= median
25
Q

all extensor muscles innervation =

A

radial

posterior forarm is all radial

26
Q

opponens digit minimi

  • action
  • innervation
A
  • opposes little finger- faces thumb

- ulnar

27
Q

in thenar eminence=

A

base of thumb:

  • abductor pollicis brevis,
  • flexor pollicis brevis
  • opponens pollicis
  • adductor pollicis
28
Q

in hypothenar eminence

A

base of pinky:

  • abductor digit minimi
  • flexor digiti minimi
  • opponens digiti minimi
29
Q

rotator cuff muscles and attachments

A 
muscles= SITS
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
terres minor
subscapularis
attachments = SPILT
superior greater tubercle
posterior greater tubercle
inferior greater rubercle
lesser tubercle
30
Q

brachioradialis
where
action
innervation

A

elbow flex
radial
posterior component of forearm, lateral

31
Q

supinator
innervation
where

A

radial

posterior component of forearm, lateral, just below elbow of course

32
Q

abductor pollicus longus

  • where
  • innervation
A

in posterior arm (not hand like the brevis)

radial

33
Q

hand blood supply and drainage

A

ulnar –(lateral to pisiform)–> superficial arch
radial –(snuff box)–> deep arch
drainage= back of hand

34
Q

hand muscles nerve

A

LLOAF = median

  • lateral lumbricals
  • oponens pollicis
  • adductor pollicis
  • flexor pollicus brevis

others =ulnar

35
Q

which nerve runs through carpals tunnel

A

median nerve

36
Q

anterior compartment of thigh

  • innervation
  • blood supply
  • large muscle group
  • other muscles
A

femoral nerve
femoral artery
quads (vastus lateralis, intermedius, medialis and rectus femoris)
sartorius, iliopsoas

37
Q

iliopsoas action

A

hip flex

38
Q

sartorius
action
where

A

hip flex and abduct
flex knee
anterioir superioiriliac spine (lateral) to tibia (medial), divides anterior and medial compartments of thigh

39
Q

rectus femoris action

A

part of quads
flexs hip
extends knee

40
Q

vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedius action

A

part of quads

extends knee

41
Q

medial compatment

  • muscles
  • innervation
  • hiatus?
A

adductor muscles x4 - longis, brevis (deep to longis) , magnus (deep to longis and brevis), gracillus

  • motor= obturator
  • sensory= obturator for lower 2/3. genitofemoral for upper 1/3
  • adductor hiatus is within adductor magnus (v shaped defect due to 2 insertions)
42
Q

quadriceps where

A

anterior compartment
all insert to common tendon
rectus femorus comes from two bit of pelvis (is bipenate)
vastus x3 originate from femur

43
Q

muscles in gluteal region

innervation

action

A

gluteal maximus, medius and minimus

maximus= inferior gluteal nerve, extends thigh

medius and minimus= superior gluteal nerve, abducts and medially rotates thigh

44
Q

posterior compartment of the thigh

  • muscles
  • artery
  • action
  • innervation
A

biceps femoris- knee flex
semitendinosus- knee flex, hip extention
semembranosus - knee flex, hip extension (lies under semitendonosus but is visible because it is broader)

sciatic nerve

inferior gluteal artery

45
Q

leg (lower bit of lower limb)

3 compartments=
artery=
nerve=

A

anterior (ATDeeP)

  • (anterior) tibial artery
  • deep peroneal nerve

lateral (LP SuperP

  • peroneal artery
  • superficaial peroneal nerve

posterior (PTitieTitie)

  • (posterior) tibial artery
  • tibial nerve

all nerves (tibial and peroneal are branches of the sciatic)

46
Q

another word for peroneal artery

A

femoral

47
Q

plantarflexion vs dorsiflexion

A 
ballet foot= plantarflexion
foot like after cramp = dorsiflexion
48
Q

anterior and lateral leg compartments
: muscles and their action and innervation
(4(/5) groups)

A

ANTERIOR —deep peroneal nerve
toe extnesors= extned toes and dorsiflex feet

tibialis anterior= dorsiflex and inverts foot

fibularis tertius= dorsiflex and everts foot

LATERAL —-superficial peroneal nerve
fibularis longus and brevis = plantiflex foot and foot eversion,

49
Q

posterior leg: muscles and their action and their innervation

  • innervation
  • superficial (3)
  • deep (mneumonic)
  • also
A

all inervated by tibial nerve

superficial= soleus and gastronemius: plantarflex foot. soleus us under gastronemius (plantaris is between and is thin- also plantarflexes ankle)

deep= Tom Dick And Very Naughy Harry
Tibilalis posterior (inverts and plantarflexes foot)
D- flexor digitorum longus
Artery (post tib)
Vein 
Nerve (post tibilal)
H- fletxor hallcus longus

popliteus - pretty superior, wwraps from medial femur to lateral soleus. action= laterally rotates femur on tibia - ‘unlock’ knee joint, counts as deep

50
Q

ligaments attached to patella (2)

A

superior– quadriceps femoris tendon

inferior– patella tendon/ligament (called both, is acc a ligament)

51
Q

anterior arm veins

A

Carry My Blood (blood flow direction)

lateral- cephalic, cephalic
middle- median, median cubital
medial- brachial, basilic

52
Q

intervertebral joints

  • what type of joint
  • made from
  • circle stuff
A
  • secondary
  • hyaline, fibrous, hyaline
  • nucleus pulposus (soft core) surrounded by concentric rings of annulus fibrosis

Special Stuff phase 1 (24 decks)

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