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Special Stuff phase 1 > Liver > Flashcards

Liver Flashcards

1
Q

Porta hepatis

Where and what inc directions

A

L and r hepatic duct (exit)
L and r hepatic arteries (enter)
Portal vein (enter)
Hepatic branch of vagus

Runs into liver middle/back/bottom , between caudate quadrate left and right lobes

NOT hepatic vein - runs behind and up into ivc

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2
Q

2 surfaces of liver

A

Visceral- inferior/posterior, visceral peritoneum

Diaphragmatic- anterior superior posterior

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3
Q

Bare area where

A

Between anterior and posterior fold of coronary ligament

Superior of liver, around ivc and along

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4
Q

Reticuloendothelial system

A

Immune system in reticular fibres

Kidney liver spleen lymph

Inc Kupfer cells

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5
Q

Ligament that attaches liver to stomach

A

Hepatogastric

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6
Q

Ligament that attaches liver to duodenum

A

Hepatoduodenal

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7
Q

Ligament that attaches liver to diaphragm

A

Right and left triangular ligaments

Anterior and posterior coronary ligaments

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8
Q

Portal triad

A

Bile cannaliculae
Hepatic portal vein (from gut)
Hepatic artery

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9
Q

Blood drains from portal triad to what

Bile drainage?

A

Central vein- joins into hepatic vein

Bile goes other way from vein into portal triad

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10
Q

acinus vs classic lobule vs portal lobule (way of drainage between portal triad and hepatic vein)

zones??

functional/structural

A

classic lobule = hexagon kinda format, in centre= hepatic vein, corners = portal triads ==structural

portal lobule = triangle. in centre = portal triad, corners= hepatic veins

acinus = oval shape type thang. long way points= hepatic veins, near points= portal triads ===functional

zone 1- most blood supply, nearest to portal triads
zone 3- least, nearest to hepatic vein. zone 3 recieves blood last and so dies first.

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11
Q

Blood supply

A

2/3- 75% portal vein . Rest is hepatic artery

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12
Q

How much of co goes to liver

A

25%

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13
Q

What bile related reaction happens in liver

A

Billirubin (yellow) Unconjugated. —> conjugated so now soluble

Conjugated with glucuronic transferase, (glucoronyl transferase )

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14
Q

What is secretes in bile

A

conj billirubin

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15
Q

What becomes billirubin.

And where

A

Heme from rbc breaks down to Billiverdin and iron (heme oxygenase)

Billiverdin to billirubin

This happens: spleen bone marrow and liver reticuloendothelial cells

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16
Q

Billirubin concerted by gut bacteria to…

A

10% urobilinogen
—- some reabsorbed to kidney (enterohepatic circulation) . Rest excreted in urine - makes light and yellow

90% stercobillinogen
—faeces - brown

17
Q

Symptoms of prehepatic jaundice

A

Normal faeces normal urine
Yellow skin sclera
High unconj in boood

18
Q

Intraheparic jaundice

A

Yellow skin sclera
High conj and unconj in blood
Maybe darker urine (decreased urinobillinogwn )

19
Q

Posthepatic jaundice symptoms

A

High conj in blood
Yellow skin sclera
Pale faeces (less sterco)
Dark urine (less urobillinogen)

20
Q

Newborn jaundice

A

Excess breakdown of fetal haemoglobin
Immaturity of conjugation enzymes in liver
Premature babies esp
Gone in 2 weeks

21
Q

targeted protein removal

A 
ubiquitin signals
proteasomes kill (amino acids recycled)
22
Q

no targeted protein removal

A

lysosomal– kupfer cells phagocytosis

23
Q

urea cycle

A

are orangutans citrus

arginine —> ornithine —> citrulline —> arginine

arginine –> ornithine AND UREA
ornithine AND CO2 AND AMMONIA–> citrulline
citrulline AND AMMONIA –> arginine

24
Q

phase 1 reaction detoxification

A

non-synthetic
microsomal enzymes - (SER of hepatocytes, CY450)functionalisation– expose functional groups like OH, SH, NH2, COOH
small increase in hydrophilicity

25
Q

phase 2 reaction detoxification

A

synthetic
non microsomal enxymes (cytoplasm/ mitochondria of heaptocytes)
conjugation/ glucuronidation - add glucuronic acid
large increase in hydrophilicity

26
Q

vitamins stored

A 
a
d
e
k
b12
27
Q

metals stored

A

iron (ferritin)

copper

28
Q

where are rbc broken down

A

bone marrow , spleen, liver reticuloendothelial cells

Special Stuff phase 1 (24 decks)

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