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NPLEX > MSK > Flashcards

MSK Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

attaches to bone and skin

*YES striations

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2
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

walls of the heart

*YES striations

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3
Q

Smooth muscle

A

walls of hollow organs; eye muscles, airways and large arteries, stomach

*NO striations

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4
Q

Structure & Organizations of Muscle layer

A

muscle
fascicle
muscle fiber / cell

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5
Q

Connective Tissue wrappings

A

Muscle (epimysium)
Fascicle (perimysium)
Muscle Fiber (endomysium)

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6
Q

Sarcolema

A

plasma membrane

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7
Q

myoglobin

A

oxygen storage

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8
Q

glycosome

A

glycogen / glucose storage

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9
Q

Sarcoplasmic Rediculum

A

fluid filled membrane channels that are wrapped around the myofibrils

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10
Q

T tubules

A

ingavinations of the sarcolemma, forms a closed tunnel system throughout the uscle that contains Extracellular fluid

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11
Q

triad

A

junction of T tubule with the SR on each side

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12
Q

I band

A

where there are two thin filaments

*straddles 2 sacromeres

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13
Q

Z line

A

arrays of thin filaments are attached to one end

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14
Q

H zones

A

portion of the A band that does not have thin filaments

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15
Q

A band

A

where there is some overlap of thin and thick filaments

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16
Q

Actin

A

thin filament

17
Q

Myocin

A

Thick filament

18
Q

elastin

A

coiled = contracted
relaxed = stretched

19
Q

Tyopomyocin and troponin

A

proteins that regulate contraction, they are bound to actin

20
Q

tropomyosin

A

regulatory protein
prevents binding of myosin

21
Q

troponin

A

helps initiate muscle contraction

binds to calcium and tells them to move

22
Q

Titin

A

elastic filaments are made up of a protein called titin

23
Q

titin function

A

hold thick filaments in place
help muscle recoil after stretch
protect the muscle from excessive stretch

24
Q

Nebulin

A

support protein that anchors actin

25
Q

myomesin

A

anchors myosin (thick) filaments

26
Q

Desmin

A

links myofibrils and connects them to cell membrane

27
Q

C proteins

A

located in thick filament of sarcomere

mutations: encode cardiac versions of myBP-C which are associated with cardiomyopathies

28
Q

motor end plate

A

sarcolemma at the site of NMJ

29
Q

end plate potential

A

the binding of ACh to nicotinic receptors causes a graded potential called an end plate potential

30
Q

Neuromuscular Junction Events

A
  1. Ap arrives at axon terminal
  2. Voltage gated calcium channels open, calcium enters motor neuron
  3. Calcium entry causes release of ACh neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft
  4. ACh diffuses across to ACh receptors (NA chemical gates) on sarcolemma
  5. ACh binding to receptors, opens gates, allowing Na+ to enter resulting in end plate potential
  6. Acetylcholine sterase degrades ACh
31
Q

Achtylcholinesterase pathology…

A

tetanus… (cannot uncontract)

Botulinum toxin (unable to contract)

32
Q

Where is the calcium causing the muscle contraction coming from

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

33
Q

General actions of an Action Potential

A

action potential

depolarization

Ryr (ryanodine receptor causes lease from SR)

activation receptor

calcium leaves Sarcoplasmic reticulum

34
Q

Cross Bridge Cycling

A
  1. energized myosin attaches to an actin myofilament… this forms a new cross bridge
  2. ADP and P are released and myosin head pivots and bends… changing to its bent low-energy state. as a result it pulss the actin filament toward the M line…

3.After ATP attaches the link between myosin and actin weakens… and the myosin head?

  1. ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and P the myosin head returns to its prestorke high-energy “cocked” position
35
Q

Low intracellular Calcium

A
36
Q

Tennis arm muscle

A

Overworked

Extensor Carpi radialis

37
Q

Most frequently injured rotator cuff muscle

A

supraspinatus muscle

38
Q

schwann cells

A

principle glial cells of peripheral nervous system

39
Q

Satellite cells

A

NPLEX (15 decks)

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