MSK

Question 1

what is a salter harris 1 fracture?

Answer 1

fracture through the physis only (XRAY can be normal)

Question 2

what is a salter harris 2 fracture?

Answer 2

fracture through the physis and metaphysis

Question 3

what is a salter harris 3 fracture?

Answer 3

fracture through the physis and epiphysis to include the joint

Question 4

what is a salter harris 4 fracture?

Answer 4

a fracture involving the physis, metaphysis and epiphysis

Question 5

what is a salter harris 5 fracture?

Answer 5

a crush injury involving the physis (XRAY may resemble type I and appear normal)

Question 6

treatment for an undisplaced intracapsular fracture in a healthy patient?

Answer 6

internal fixation

Question 7

treatment for an undisplaced intracapsular fracture in an unfit patient?

Answer 7

hemiarthroplasty

Question 8

treatment for a displaced intracapsular hip fracture in a normal patient?

Answer 8

THR

Question 9

treatment for a displaced intracapsular hip fracture in an unfit patient?

Answer 9

hemiarthroplasty

Question 10

treatment for a stable extracapsular hip fracture?

Answer 10

DHS

Question 11

treatment for an unstable extracapsular hip fracture?

Answer 11

IMD

Question 12

which nerve root compression leads to weakness in foot and big toe dorsiflexion?

Answer 12

L5

Question 13

which nerve root compression leads to weakness in knee flexion and sensory loss over anterior thigh?

Answer 13

L3

Question 14

which nerve root compression leads to weakness in knee flexion and sensory loss over the anterior aspect of the knee and medial malleolus?

Answer 14

L4

Question 15

which nerve root compression leads to weakness in plantar flexion of foot and a reduced ankle reflex?

Answer 15

S1

Question 16

what is the first line treatment for SLE?

Answer 16

hydroxychloroquine

Question 17

what myotome is incharge of hip flexion?

Answer 17

L1/2

Question 18

what myotome is in charge of knee extension?

Answer 18

L3/4

Question 19

what myotome is in charge of foot dorsiflexion?

Answer 19

L5

Question 20

what myotome is in charge of ankle plantar flexion?

Answer 20

S1/2

Question 21

what happens in an L5/S1 prolapse?

Answer 21

pain down to sole of foot
reduction in plantar flexion

Question 22

what happens in an L3/4 prolapse?

Answer 22

pain down to medial ankle
loss of quadricep power
reduction in knee jerk

Question 23

what happens in an L4/5 prolapse?

Answer 23

pain down to foot dorsum
loss of power to extensor hallucis longus and tibialis anterior

Question 24

what is a galeazzi fracture?

Answer 24

fracture of the radius with an associated dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint

Question 25

what does colchicine interact with?

Answer 25

atorvastatin to cause rhabdomyolysis

Question 26

what antibodies are associated with drug induced lupus?

Answer 26

anti histones

Question 27

how long do you give abx for in septic arthritis?

Answer 27

4-6 weeks

Question 28

what is co prescribed with NSAIDs in patients with osteoarthritis?

Answer 28

PPI

Question 29

what antibodies are present in GPA?

Answer 29

cANCA PR3

Question 30

what antibodies are present in MPA?

Answer 30

pANCA MPO

Question 31

what antibodies are present in EGPA?

Answer 31

pANCA MPO

Question 32

what is the haversian canal?

Answer 32

vertical thing that can be seen in bone histology

Question 33

what is a volkmann canal?

Answer 33

horizonal thing that can be seen on bone histology, connecting haversian canals together

Question 34

on which bones articular surface is the thickest hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 34

patella

Question 35

which nerve is at risk in a supracondylar fracture of the distal humerus?

Answer 35

median

Question 36

what is myositis ossificans?

Answer 36

a condition where heterotopic ossification (bone forming outside the skeleton) occurs in muscles usually after an injury

Question 37

which ligament is usually affected in a patella dislocation?

Answer 37

ligament restraining it on the MEDIAL side usually has to tear

Question 38

what is the sarcomere?

Answer 38

the region from one Z line to the other

Question 39

are steroid injections done in Achilles tendonitis?

Answer 39

no due to risk of rupture

Question 40

what is a key feature of polymyalgia rheumatica?

Answer 40

raised inflammatory markers

Question 41

what is a swan neck deformity?

Answer 41

hyperextension of PIP flexion of DIP

Question 42

what is a boutonnières deformity?

Answer 42

flexion of PIP hyperextension of DIP

Question 43

what type of bones is found at the epiphysis?

Answer 43

cancellous/trabecular

Question 44

what type of bone is found at the shaft (diaphysis) of bone?

Answer 44

dense cortical bone

Question 45

what is the line surrounding osteons called?

Answer 45

cement lines

Question 46

where are chondrocytes located within the extracellular matrix?

Answer 46

lacuna

Question 47

what is a bundle of muscle fibres called?

Answer 47

fasicle

Question 48

which nerves does sciatica usually affect?

Answer 48

usually compression of L5/S1

Question 49

what kind of vasculitis is polyarteritis nodosa?

Answer 49

medium sized

Question 50

who does polyarteritis nodosa usually affect?

Answer 50

middle aged men associated with hep B infection

Question 51

how does polyarteritis nodosa present?

Answer 51

fever, malaise and arthralgia WL ?testicular pain

Question 52

what investigation is used in psoas abscess?

Answer 52

CT abdo

Question 53

what is compression osteochondritis of the 2nd metatarsal head called?

Answer 53

freibergs disease

Question 54

what is compression osteochondritis of the navicular bone called?

Answer 54

kohlers disease

Question 55

what is compression osteochondritis of the lunate of carpus called?

Answer 55

keinbocks disease

Question 56

what is compression osteochondritis of the capitulum of elbow called?

Answer 56

panners disease

Question 57

what is compression osteochondritis of the vertebrae called?

Answer 57

scheurmanns disease

Question 58

what is simmonds triad?

Answer 58

palpation, examining the angle of declination at rest and the calf squeeze test

Question 59

what is the definition of a monteggia fracture?

Answer 59

Dislocation of the proximal radioulnar joint in association with an ulna fractur