diuretics Flashcards
what are some examples of loop diuretics?
furosemide
bumetanide
what is the mechanism of loop diuretics?
inhibits the Na/K/2Cl transporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle
Na, K and Cl can no longer be transported from the nephron into the interstitial fluid
what are some indications of loop diuretics?
conditions with a salt/water overload eg
-pulmonary oedema
-chronic HF
-chronic kidney failure
-nephrotic syndrome
-hypertension
what are the side effects/contraindications to loop diuretics?
DO NOT USE IN
-dehydration
-hypovolaemia
-hepatic encephalopathy
SIDE EFFECTS
-hypokalaemia
-hyponatraemia
-urinary loss
what are some examples of thiazide diuretics?
true thiazide-bendroflumethiazide
thiazide like- indapamide
what is the mechanism of thiazide diuretics?
inhibits Na/Cl cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubule
less Na and Cl transported from the tubule into interstitial fluid
what are the indications for a thiazide?
mild HF
hypertension
severe resistant oedema
nephrogenic DI
what are the side effects of thiazides?
hypotension
hypokalaemia
hyponatraemia
gout
ED
what are some examples of potassium sparing diuretics?
amiloride
spironolactone
what is the mechanism of amiloride?
block apical Na channels on collecting ducts
reduce Na reabsorption
no potassium is lost due to it taking place in collecting ducts
what is the mechanism of spironolactone?
competes with aldosterone to bind to intracellular receptors
Na/K/ATPase is activated in the collecting duct
what are the indications for potassium sparing diuretics?
HF
primary aldosteronism
what is an example of an osmotic diuretic?
mannitol
what is the mechanism of mannitol?
pharmacodynamically inert and enter the nephron through glomerular filtration
act in the proximal tubules so less water can move into the interstitium
when is mannitol indicated?
prevention of hypovolaemic renal failure
treatment of raised IOP/ICP
