Anatomy

Question 1

what is the order of the ossicles (lateral to medial)

Answer 1

malleus, incus and stapes

Question 2

what does the tensor tympani attach to?

Answer 2

the malleus

Question 3

what does stapedius attach to?

Answer 3

the stapes

Question 4

what does the eustachian tube do?

Answer 4

connects the anterior wall of the middle ear with the nasopharynx
equalises pressure

Question 5

what innervates the middle ear?

Answer 5

CN IX

Question 6

what innervates the nasopharynx?

Answer 6

CN IX

Question 7

what innervates the laryngopharynx?

Answer 7

CN X

Question 8

what innervates the inner ear?

Answer 8

CN VIII

Question 9

what is the consequence of vocal cord adduction?

Answer 9

makes sounds quieter

Question 10

what is the consequence of vocal cord abduction?

Answer 10

makes sound louder

Question 11

which nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 11

the inferior laryngeal nerve

Question 12

what are the three phases of swallowing?

Answer 12

oral (voluntary)
pharyngeal (involuntary)
oesophageal (involuntary)

Question 13

how do we smell?

Answer 13

sensed by olfactory receptors in the olfactory mucosa (by cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone)

Question 14

what nerve is involved in taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 14

CN VII (chorda tympani)

Question 15

what nerve is involved in taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 15

CN IX

Question 16

what is the sensory innervation of the epiglottis and pharynx?

Answer 16

CN X

Question 17

what is the innervation of the tensor tympani?

Answer 17

CN V3 (mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve)

Question 18

what does the arytenoid do?

Answer 18

phonation
shaped like a saltire

Question 19

what does the cricothyroid do?

Answer 19

increase pitch

Question 20

what does the thyroarytenoid do?

Answer 20

decrease pitch

Question 21

what does the lateral cricothyroid do?

Answer 21

whisper

Question 22

what vertebrae level are the kidneys at?

Answer 22

left kidney T12-L2
right kidney L1-L3

Question 23

which ribs partially protect the kidney?

Answer 23

11 and 12

Question 24

where is the micturition centre located?

Answer 24

S2+3 of the spinal cord

Question 25

what regulates BP and GFR?

Answer 25

the juxtaglomerular complex

Question 26

where is the tunica vaginalis located?

Answer 26

within the spermatic cord

Question 27

what overlies the spermatic cord?

Answer 27

the cremaster muscle

Question 28

what is the name of the bony prominence on the distal radius?

Answer 28

listers tubercle separates the 2nd and 3rd extensor compartments

Question 29

which blood vessel supplies the first and second intercostal spaces?

Answer 29

left subclavian artery

Question 30

which vertebrae level is the horizontal fissure located at?

Answer 30

T4

Question 31

what sits anterior to the female urethra?

Answer 31

the pubic symphysis

Question 32

what is the name of the pouch between the bladder and uterus?

Answer 32

the vesico uterine pouch

Question 33

where is the rectouterine pouch (pouch of douglas) located?

Answer 33

posterior to the uterus and anterior to the rectus

Question 34

how does the glenoid labrum provide stability to the shoulder joint?

Answer 34

by deepening the glenoid fossa

Question 35

which nerve in the leg has no motor function?

Answer 35

the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (vertebrae levels are L2 and L3)

Question 36

which type of joint is the wrist?

Answer 36

ellipsoidal synovial joint

Question 37

which nerve is responsible for maintaining continence?

Answer 37

pudendal

Question 38

what foramen does the internal carotid pass through?

Answer 38

foramen lacerum

Question 39

what foramen does the facial nerve pass through?

Answer 39

the stylomastoid foramen

Question 40

a lesion in the tibial nerve would cause what?

Answer 40

loss of plantar flexion, flexion of toes and weakened inversion of the foot

Question 41

where do most eye fractures occur?

Answer 41

at the orbital plate of the ethmoid and the maxilla

Question 42

what is the vascular layer of the eye?

Answer 42

the uvea (iris, ciliary body and choroid)

Question 43

where is aqueous humour secreted from?

Answer 43

the ciliary body

Question 44

where is the blind spot?

Answer 44

optic disc (point of CN II formation)

Question 45

what muscle elevates the superior eyelid?

Answer 45

LPS

Question 46

what does sphincter pupillae do?

Answer 46

constrict the pupil (parasympathetic)

Question 47

what does dilator pupillae do?

Answer 47

dilate the pupil (sympathetic)

Question 48

what does orbicularis oculi do?

Answer 48

close the eye

Question 49

where do the rectus muscles originate from?

Answer 49

the common tendinous ring

Question 50

where does the superior oblique orgininate from?

Answer 50

sphenoid bone

Question 51

where does the inferior oblique orginate from?

Answer 51

the orbital plate of the maxilla

Question 52

what nerve controls functional lacrimation?

Answer 52

CN V1 (afferent)

Question 53

what nerve controls emotional lacrimation?

Answer 53

CN VII (efferent)

Question 54

what nerve root does the medial pectoral nerve arise from?

Answer 54

C8-T1 a branch of the medial cord

Question 55

where is the T4 dematome located?

Answer 55

anterior and lateral to the nipple

Question 56

what is the function of the deltoid muscle?

Answer 56

shoulder extension. flexion and abduction

Question 57

what vessel supplies the styloglossus muscle?

Answer 57

linguinal artery

Question 58

a blockage of which artery would lead to inadequate supply to the SA node?

Answer 58

RCA

Question 59

what nerves are a branch of the superior laryngeal nerve?

Answer 59

the internal laryngeal and external laryngeal nerve

Question 60

what is the olecranon process?

Answer 60

a hook like projection at the most proximal end of the ulna

Question 61

what is the vomer?

Answer 61

its a small triangular bone that forms in the inferior portion of the nasal septum

Question 62

what is the consequence of a femoral nerve lesion?

Answer 62

an inability to flex the hip and extend the knee joint

Question 63

which muscle may be weakened due to an absent patellar reflex?

Answer 63

quadriceps femoris would also lead to weakness in hip flexion because the femoral nerve is affected

Question 64

where is the recurrent laryngeal nerve located?

Answer 64

inbetween the oesophagus and trachea

Question 65

which nerve is located most superficially, just inferior to the tongue?

Answer 65

the deep lingual nerve

Question 66

what is a bankhart lesion?

Answer 66

detachment of the labrum

Question 67

what is the nerve supply to the anterior arm compartment?

Answer 67

musculocutaneous

Question 68

what is the nerve supply to the posterior arm compartments?

Answer 68

radial

Question 69

what does the SVC split into?

Answer 69

the right and left brachiocephalic

Question 70

what is the consequence of sympathetic activation of the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 70

decrease in gastric emptying