[MS] Growth/Development Flashcards
What is the average height of an adult child when compared to their parents?
Within 5cm (above or below) their midparental height
What is the calculation for midparental height for boys?
[Parental Height + Maternal Height + 13cm] / 2
What is the calculation for midparental height for girls?
[Maternal Height + Paternal Height - 13cm] / 2
What are the important pearls to know regarding infant weight and head circumference?
Weight doubles by 4 months and triples by 12 months.
The head grows a 0.5cm/week from 0 to 2 months
What is the best way to evaluate macrocephaly in an infant?
Head ultrasound
What is the best way to evaluate microcephaly in an infant?
Head CT or MRI
What is the most common suture to fuse in craniosynostosis?
Sagittal suture
What type of craniosynostosis causes a “windblown” appearance of the orbits?
Coronal craniosynostosis
Name the syndrome associated with premature bilateral coronal suture closure, coarse facial features, normal IQ, and normal hands and feet?
Crouzon syndrome
Name the syndrome associated with premature closure of multiple sutures, low IQ, and syndactyly of the hands and feet?
Apert syndrome
Name the syndrome associated with premature closure of multiple sutures, low IQ, syndactyly of the hands and feet, congenital heart disease, corneal opacities, and other orthopedic anomalies?
Carpenter syndrome
Name the syndrome associated with a clover-leaf skull (brachycephaly), mid-face hypoplasia, and finger/toe anomalies?
Pfeiffer syndrome
What time of inheritance is multiple craniosynostosis of sutures?
Autosomal dominant
By what age do the following reflexes disappear:
A) Palmar grasp?
B) Moro?
A) 2 to 3 months
B) 3 to 4 months
What are the ages for the following milestones:
A) Roll front-to-back?
B) Roll back-to-front?
C) Sit with support?
A) 4 to 5 months
B) 5 to 6 months
C) 6 months
What is the age of the patient:
1) Rolls back-to-front
2) Transfers objects between hands
3) Uses the thumb to grasp a cube
4) Has separation anxiety
6 months
What is the age of the patient:
1) Plays “Pat-A-Cake”
2) Pulls to stand
3) Separation anxiety present
9 months
What is the age of the patient:
1) Uses fingertip and distal thumb
2) Has first words
3) Walking
12 months
What is the age of the following milestones: A) Tower of two cubes? B) Scribbles? C) Vertical lines? D) Uses cup? E) Uses spoon? F) Uses fork?
A) 13 to 15 months B) 15 months C) 18 months D) 15 to 18 months E) 2 years F) 4 years
What is the age of the following milestones:
A) Pull to stand?
B) Up and down stairs, two feet per step?
C) Up and down stairs, one foot per step?
D) Hops on one foot?
E) Skips?
A) 9 months B) 2 years C) 4 years D) 4 years E) 5 to 6 years
What is the age of the following milestones: A) Social smile? B) Smiles at mirror? C) Waves "bye-bye"? D) Dresses self? E) Ties shoelaces?
A) 1 to 2 months B) 4 months C) 10 months D) 3 years E) 5 years
What is the age of the following milestones: A) Parallel play? B) Fantasy play? C) Cooperative play? D) Fantasy versus Reality?
A) 2 years
B) 3 years
C) 3 to 4 years
D) 5 years
What is the age of the following milestones: A) Coos? B) Babbles? C) "Mama" or "Dada"? D) First true words? E) 2-word sentences? F) 3 to 4 word sentences? G) Speech perfectly understood?
A) 2 to 4 months B) 6 months C) 9 months D) 12 months E) 18 to 24 months F) 3 years G) 4 years
Draw the statistical model four-square and correctly label its components.
Disease + Disease -
Test + | A | B
Test - | C | D
What are the calculations for:
1) Sensitivity?
2) Specificity?
3) Positive-predictive value?
4) Negative-predictive value?
1) A / (A+C)
2) D / (D+B)
3) A / (A+B)
4) D / (D+C)
What is the mnemonic for sensitivity and specificity?
SPin and SNout.
How do you calculate prevalence?
(A+C) / (A+B+C+D)
What information can be gleamed from a Case Control study?
Cause and Effect (retrospective study)
What is a Type I and Type II error?
Type I – Concluding there is a difference when one does not exist
Type II – Concluding there is not a difference when one is present
What is the calculation for relative risk?
(Incidence of disease in exposed) divided by (Incidence of disease in unexposed)
What is the calculation for the number needed to treat?
The inverse of the difference between the placebo and treatment mortality
By what age should all children have completed a hearing screen/evaluation?
3 months
What is the calculation for BMI?
kg/(m*m)
At what age should routine blood pressure monitoring start?
3 years
What are the recommendations for fasting cholesterol screening?
Once between 9 and 11 years, and again between 17 and 21 years
At what age should MCHAT screening occur?
At the 18 and 24 month visits
What are key features of Autism?
Impairment of reciprocal interaction, impairment in communication, and restrictive and repetitive stereotypical behaviors
What does the APP recommend for duration of breastfeeding?
Minimum of 4 months, but preferably 6 months
What vitamin deficiency is common in strict vegetarian/vegan mothers who breastfeed their babies?
Vitamin B12
By what age does the first tooth erupt (on average)?
6 months
What are the best solutions (in descending order) to put an avulsed tooth into for salvage?
1) Save-A-Tooth Solution
2) Cold Milk
3) Saliva
4) Isotonic Solution (i.e., Saline)
What is the definition of colic?
Unexplained periods of crying lasting greater than 3 hours per day, 3 days per week, for at least 3 weeks
What are the recommendations for carseats?
Rear facing until at least 2 years of age, or at height/weight limits.
Booster seat until 4’9” and between 8 and 12 years of age.
Back seat until 13 years of age.
What is the recommended hot water heater temperature?
120 degrees Fahrenheit or less
When MUST the Hepatitis B vaccine be given?
Within 12 hours of delivery if the mother is HBsAG-positive alongside HBIG
In what situations are live vaccines NOT contraindicated?
Child lives with an immunocompromised person (unless LAIV)
Mother is pregnant
What vaccines contain the following components: A) Egg antigens? B) Streptomycin/Neomycin/Polymixin B? C) Neomycin? D) Gelatin?
A) Influenza (some) and Yellow Fever
B) IPV
C) MMR/VZV
D) MMR/VZV and Yellow Fever
What is the vaccine that is most liked to febrile seizures?
MMRV
What is the most concerning observed symptom after HPV vaccine administration?
Syncope
How old is the patient:
She can run with a somewhat stiff gait. She can walk up and down stairs if you hold her hand. She can make a tower of four cubes and imitates scribbling. She can speak 10 words and identify one body part.
18 months
What are the ages for the following milestones:
A) Copy a circle?
B) Copy a cross?
C) Copy a square?
A) 3 years
B) 3 to 4 years
C) 4 to 5 years
When does the Moro reflex disappear?
3 to 4 months
When does the Palmar Grasp reflex disappear?
2 to 3 months
When does the Parachute reflex appear?
6 to 9 months
By what age can infants lift their head off of the table in anticipation of being picked up?
6 months
When can infants roll from front to back?
4 to 5 months
When can infants roll from back to front?
5 to 6 months
When can infants sit with support?
6 months
When can infants sit without support?
7 months
When does the infant learn to use the rake grasp and transfer objects between hands?
6 months
When does the infant learn to use the thumb to grasp a cube?
6 to 8 months
What age does the infant play Pat-A-Cake?
9 to 10 months
When does the baby learn to scribble?
15 months
When does the baby learn to draw vertical lines?
18 months
When does the baby learn to use a cup well?
15 to 18 months
When does the baby learn to use a spoon well?
2 years
When does the toddler learn to use large buttons?
3 years
When does the toddler learn to use a fork?
4 years
When does the toddler learn to tie their shoes?
6 years
When does the infant learn to pull to stand?
9 months
When does the infant learn to walk holding onto furniture?
11 months
What age can the toddler walk up and down stairs with two feet on each step?
2 years
What age can the toddler walk up and down stairs with one foot on each step?
4 years
What age can the toddler hop on one foot?
4 years
What age can the toddler skip?
5 to 6 years
What age can the infant show a social smile?
1 to 2 months
What age can the infant smile at a mirror?
4 months
What age does separation anxiety exist?
6 to 12 months
What age can the infant wave “bye-bye”?
10 months
What age can the baby have symbolic play?
12 months
What age can the baby have parallel play and empathy?
24 months
What age can the toddler have fantasy play?
3 years
What age can the toddler have cooperative play?
3 to 4 years
What age can the toddler separate fantasy from reality?
5 years
What age can the toddler play a game with rules?
6 years
What age can the infant coo?
2 to 4 months
What age can the infant squeal?
4 months
What age can the infant babble?
6 months
What age can the baby understand 1-step commands?
15 months
What age do toddlers start using “what/who” questions?
3 years
What age do toddlers start using “why” questions?
4 years
