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Pediatric Boards > [MS] Growth/Development > Flashcards

[MS] Growth/Development Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average height of an adult child when compared to their parents?

A

Within 5cm (above or below) their midparental height

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2
Q

What is the calculation for midparental height for boys?

A

[Parental Height + Maternal Height + 13cm] / 2

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3
Q

What is the calculation for midparental height for girls?

A

[Maternal Height + Paternal Height - 13cm] / 2

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4
Q

What are the important pearls to know regarding infant weight and head circumference?

A

Weight doubles by 4 months and triples by 12 months.

The head grows a 0.5cm/week from 0 to 2 months

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5
Q

What is the best way to evaluate macrocephaly in an infant?

A

Head ultrasound

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6
Q

What is the best way to evaluate microcephaly in an infant?

A

Head CT or MRI

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7
Q

What is the most common suture to fuse in craniosynostosis?

A

Sagittal suture

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8
Q

What type of craniosynostosis causes a “windblown” appearance of the orbits?

A

Coronal craniosynostosis

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9
Q

Name the syndrome associated with premature bilateral coronal suture closure, coarse facial features, normal IQ, and normal hands and feet?

A

Crouzon syndrome

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10
Q

Name the syndrome associated with premature closure of multiple sutures, low IQ, and syndactyly of the hands and feet?

A

Apert syndrome

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11
Q

Name the syndrome associated with premature closure of multiple sutures, low IQ, syndactyly of the hands and feet, congenital heart disease, corneal opacities, and other orthopedic anomalies?

A

Carpenter syndrome

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12
Q

Name the syndrome associated with a clover-leaf skull (brachycephaly), mid-face hypoplasia, and finger/toe anomalies?

A

Pfeiffer syndrome

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13
Q

What time of inheritance is multiple craniosynostosis of sutures?

A

Autosomal dominant

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14
Q

By what age do the following reflexes disappear:
A) Palmar grasp?
B) Moro?

A

A) 2 to 3 months

B) 3 to 4 months

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15
Q

What are the ages for the following milestones:
A) Roll front-to-back?
B) Roll back-to-front?
C) Sit with support?

A

A) 4 to 5 months
B) 5 to 6 months
C) 6 months

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16
Q

What is the age of the patient:

1) Rolls back-to-front
2) Transfers objects between hands
3) Uses the thumb to grasp a cube
4) Has separation anxiety

A

6 months

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17
Q

What is the age of the patient:

1) Plays “Pat-A-Cake”
2) Pulls to stand
3) Separation anxiety present

A

9 months

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18
Q

What is the age of the patient:

1) Uses fingertip and distal thumb
2) Has first words
3) Walking

A

12 months

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19
Q 
What is the age of the following milestones:
A) Tower of two cubes?
B) Scribbles?
C) Vertical lines?
D) Uses cup?
E) Uses spoon?
F) Uses fork?
A 
A) 13 to 15 months
B) 15 months
C) 18 months
D) 15 to 18 months
E) 2 years
F) 4 years
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20
Q

What is the age of the following milestones:
A) Pull to stand?
B) Up and down stairs, two feet per step?
C) Up and down stairs, one foot per step?
D) Hops on one foot?
E) Skips?

A 
A) 9 months
B) 2 years
C) 4 years
D) 4 years
E) 5 to 6 years
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21
Q 
What is the age of the following milestones:
A) Social smile?
B) Smiles at mirror?
C) Waves "bye-bye"?
D) Dresses self?
E) Ties shoelaces?
A 
A) 1 to 2 months
B) 4 months
C) 10 months
D) 3 years
E) 5 years
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22
Q 
What is the age of the following milestones:
A) Parallel play?
B) Fantasy play?
C) Cooperative play?
D) Fantasy versus Reality?
A

A) 2 years
B) 3 years
C) 3 to 4 years
D) 5 years

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23
Q 
What is the age of the following milestones:
A) Coos?
B) Babbles?
C) "Mama" or "Dada"?
D) First true words?
E) 2-word sentences?
F) 3 to 4 word sentences?
G) Speech perfectly understood?
A 
A) 2 to 4 months
B) 6 months
C) 9 months
D) 12 months
E) 18 to 24 months
F) 3 years
G) 4 years
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24
Q

Draw the statistical model four-square and correctly label its components.

A

Disease + Disease -
Test + | A | B
Test - | C | D

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25
Q

What are the calculations for:

1) Sensitivity?
2) Specificity?
3) Positive-predictive value?
4) Negative-predictive value?

A

1) A / (A+C)
2) D / (D+B)
3) A / (A+B)
4) D / (D+C)

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26
Q

What is the mnemonic for sensitivity and specificity?

A

SPin and SNout.

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27
Q

How do you calculate prevalence?

A

(A+C) / (A+B+C+D)

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28
Q

What information can be gleamed from a Case Control study?

A

Cause and Effect (retrospective study)

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29
Q

What is a Type I and Type II error?

A

Type I – Concluding there is a difference when one does not exist
Type II – Concluding there is not a difference when one is present

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30
Q

What is the calculation for relative risk?

A

(Incidence of disease in exposed) divided by (Incidence of disease in unexposed)

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31
Q

What is the calculation for the number needed to treat?

A

The inverse of the difference between the placebo and treatment mortality

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32
Q

By what age should all children have completed a hearing screen/evaluation?

A

3 months

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33
Q

What is the calculation for BMI?

A

kg/(m*m)

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34
Q

At what age should routine blood pressure monitoring start?

A

3 years

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35
Q

What are the recommendations for fasting cholesterol screening?

A

Once between 9 and 11 years, and again between 17 and 21 years

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36
Q

At what age should MCHAT screening occur?

A

At the 18 and 24 month visits

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37
Q

What are key features of Autism?

A

Impairment of reciprocal interaction, impairment in communication, and restrictive and repetitive stereotypical behaviors

38
Q

What does the APP recommend for duration of breastfeeding?

A

Minimum of 4 months, but preferably 6 months

39
Q

What vitamin deficiency is common in strict vegetarian/vegan mothers who breastfeed their babies?

A

Vitamin B12

40
Q

By what age does the first tooth erupt (on average)?

A

6 months

41
Q

What are the best solutions (in descending order) to put an avulsed tooth into for salvage?

A

1) Save-A-Tooth Solution
2) Cold Milk
3) Saliva
4) Isotonic Solution (i.e., Saline)

42
Q

What is the definition of colic?

A

Unexplained periods of crying lasting greater than 3 hours per day, 3 days per week, for at least 3 weeks

43
Q

What are the recommendations for carseats?

A

Rear facing until at least 2 years of age, or at height/weight limits.
Booster seat until 4’9” and between 8 and 12 years of age.
Back seat until 13 years of age.

44
Q

What is the recommended hot water heater temperature?

A

120 degrees Fahrenheit or less

45
Q

When MUST the Hepatitis B vaccine be given?

A

Within 12 hours of delivery if the mother is HBsAG-positive alongside HBIG

46
Q

In what situations are live vaccines NOT contraindicated?

A

Child lives with an immunocompromised person (unless LAIV)

Mother is pregnant

47
Q 
What vaccines contain the following components:
A) Egg antigens?
B) Streptomycin/Neomycin/Polymixin B?
C) Neomycin?
D) Gelatin?
A

A) Influenza (some) and Yellow Fever
B) IPV
C) MMR/VZV
D) MMR/VZV and Yellow Fever

48
Q

What is the vaccine that is most liked to febrile seizures?

A

MMRV

49
Q

What is the most concerning observed symptom after HPV vaccine administration?

A

Syncope

50
Q

How old is the patient:

She can run with a somewhat stiff gait. She can walk up and down stairs if you hold her hand. She can make a tower of four cubes and imitates scribbling. She can speak 10 words and identify one body part.

A

18 months

51
Q

What are the ages for the following milestones:
A) Copy a circle?
B) Copy a cross?
C) Copy a square?

A

A) 3 years
B) 3 to 4 years
C) 4 to 5 years

52
Q

When does the Moro reflex disappear?

A

3 to 4 months

53
Q

When does the Palmar Grasp reflex disappear?

A

2 to 3 months

54
Q

When does the Parachute reflex appear?

A

6 to 9 months

55
Q

By what age can infants lift their head off of the table in anticipation of being picked up?

A

6 months

56
Q

When can infants roll from front to back?

A

4 to 5 months

57
Q

When can infants roll from back to front?

A

5 to 6 months

58
Q

When can infants sit with support?

A

6 months

59
Q

When can infants sit without support?

A

7 months

60
Q

When does the infant learn to use the rake grasp and transfer objects between hands?

A

6 months

61
Q

When does the infant learn to use the thumb to grasp a cube?

A

6 to 8 months

62
Q

What age does the infant play Pat-A-Cake?

A

9 to 10 months

63
Q

When does the baby learn to scribble?

A

15 months

64
Q

When does the baby learn to draw vertical lines?

A

18 months

65
Q

When does the baby learn to use a cup well?

A

15 to 18 months

66
Q

When does the baby learn to use a spoon well?

A

2 years

67
Q

When does the toddler learn to use large buttons?

A

3 years

68
Q

When does the toddler learn to use a fork?

A

4 years

69
Q

When does the toddler learn to tie their shoes?

A

6 years

70
Q

When does the infant learn to pull to stand?

A

9 months

71
Q

When does the infant learn to walk holding onto furniture?

A

11 months

72
Q

What age can the toddler walk up and down stairs with two feet on each step?

A

2 years

73
Q

What age can the toddler walk up and down stairs with one foot on each step?

A

4 years

74
Q

What age can the toddler hop on one foot?

A

4 years

75
Q

What age can the toddler skip?

A

5 to 6 years

76
Q

What age can the infant show a social smile?

A

1 to 2 months

77
Q

What age can the infant smile at a mirror?

A

4 months

78
Q

What age does separation anxiety exist?

A

6 to 12 months

79
Q

What age can the infant wave “bye-bye”?

A

10 months

80
Q

What age can the baby have symbolic play?

A

12 months

81
Q

What age can the baby have parallel play and empathy?

A

24 months

82
Q

What age can the toddler have fantasy play?

A

3 years

83
Q

What age can the toddler have cooperative play?

A

3 to 4 years

84
Q

What age can the toddler separate fantasy from reality?

A

5 years

85
Q

What age can the toddler play a game with rules?

A

6 years

86
Q

What age can the infant coo?

A

2 to 4 months

87
Q

What age can the infant squeal?

A

4 months

88
Q

What age can the infant babble?

A

6 months

89
Q

What age can the baby understand 1-step commands?

A

15 months

90
Q

What age do toddlers start using “what/who” questions?

A

3 years

91
Q

What age do toddlers start using “why” questions?

A

4 years

Pediatric Boards (15 decks)

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