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Pediatric Boards > [MS] Adolescent/GYN > Flashcards

[MS] Adolescent/GYN Flashcards

1
Q

What accounts for nearly half of all deaths in adolescents?

A

Unintentional injuries

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2
Q

What is the first physical sign of puberty in women?

A

Telarche (breast budding)

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3
Q

What is the first physical sign of puberty in men?

A

Testicular enlargement

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4
Q

Why are men generally taller than females?

A

Delayed epiphyseal closure

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5
Q

What qualifies a patient as an emancipated minor?

A

Lives outside of the home and paying their own bills, married, or being a parent

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6
Q

When is it acceptable to perform a drug test on a minor without consent from the minor?

A

The adolescent lacks decision-making capacity, or there are strong concerns for a substance abuse problem

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7
Q

What are the important topics to discuss during an adolescent clinic visit?

A

Normal development, home environment, substance abuse, physical/sexual abuse, academics, peers, injury prevention, nutrition, physical activity, dental health, self-examination, skin protection, online behavior, and bullying

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8
Q

What are the criteria for diagnosing depression in an adolescent?

A

Failure to maintain weight, insomnia/hypersomnia, psychomotor changes, fatigue, worthlessness, excessive guilt, decreased concentration, and thoughts of self-harm

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9
Q

What are the laboratory findings associated with anorexia nervosa?

A

Low - K, Cl, WBC, Plt, RBC, PO4, Ca

High - AST, ALT, BUN, Cholesterol

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10
Q

What changes are seen with refeeding syndrome?

A

Hypophosphatemia, cardiac arrhythmias, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, volume overload, and edema

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11
Q

What is the pharmacologic therapy for Bulimia Nervosa?

A

Fluoxetine

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12
Q

What historical clues are associated with breast fibroadenomas?

A

Firm, painless, rubbery, and do not regress with periods

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13
Q

Do fibroadenomas have s risk of malignancy?

A

No

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14
Q

What is the most common adolescent breast mass?

A

A solitary cyst that resolves within 2 to 3 months

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15
Q

What are the indications for breast mass excision?

A

Persistent lesions greater than 3cm

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16
Q

What is the most common cause of adolescent mastitis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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17
Q

What is associated with GnRH deficiency?

A

Anosmia (Kallman syndrome)

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18
Q

What is the most common pituitary cause of amenorrhea?

A

Prolactinoma

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19
Q

What disease processes commonly result in secondary amenorrhea?

A

PCOS, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, Cushing Syndrome, Anabolic Steroid Use, and Adrenal Adenomas

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20
Q

What is Rokitansky syndrome?

A

Mullerian agenesis, primary amenorrhea, and absence/hypoplasia of the vagina/cervix/uterus

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21
Q

What is the most common cause of secondary dysfunctional uterine bleeding?

A

Bleeding disorders such as von Willebrand disease

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22
Q

What is the first-line treatment for dysmenorrhea?

A

NSAIDs

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23
Q

What are the drugs of choice for severe PMS/PMDD?

A

SSRI

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24
Q

At what size gynecomastia should males be referred for surgery?

A

Greater than 5cm

25
Q

What is the treatment for typical scrotal masses?

A

Surgery

26
Q

Where are spermatoceles typically located?

A

Superior and posterior to the testicle

27
Q

What diagnosis is associated with a blue dot on the scrotum?

A

Torsion of the appendix testis

28
Q

In what age group are testicular tumors most common?

A

Males between 15 and 35 years of age

29
Q

What testicular tumors have an increase in beta-HCG?

A

Choriocarcinomas and Mixed Germ-Cell Tumors

30
Q

What types of testicular tumors produce and elevated alpha-fetoprotein?

A

Yolk Sac Tumors and Embyronal Carcinomas

31
Q

What can occur after a testicle atrophies post-orchitis?

A

Cancer

32
Q

What are the absolute contraindications to oral contraceptives?

A 
Abnormal uterine bleeding of unknown cause
Pregnancy
Estrogen-dependent bleeding
Liver disease
Thromboembolic disease
Cerebrovascular events
Migraine with auras
33
Q

What are the relative contraindications for Estrogen use?

A 
Diabetes mellitus
Seizures
Vascular headaches
Severe/Moderate hypertension
Tobacco use
34
Q

What STDs are reportable conditions in every state?

A

Syphilis, Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, and HIV

35
Q

What are the symptoms of Acute Retroviral Syndrome?

A

Fever, headaches, pharyngitis, malaise, myalgias, lymphadenopathy, and a skin rash

36
Q

What is the best test to diagnose HIV infection during an acute retroviral infection?

A

HIV plasma RNA

37
Q

What is the diagnosis when tender, grouped genital vesicles are seen?

A

HSV

38
Q

What is the test of choice for diagnosing HSV in the CSF?

A

HSV PCR

39
Q

What is seen on a Tzanck smear for HSV?

A

Multinucleated giant cells

40
Q

What is the preferred treatment for recurrent genital HSV?

A

Acyclovir BID

41
Q

What are the screening tests for syphilis?

A

VDRL and RPR

42
Q

What are the confirmatory tests for syphilis?

A

FTA-ABS and TP-PA

43
Q

What is the cause of chancroid and how is it treated?

A

Haemophilus ducryei and treated with Azithromycin

44
Q

What are the clinical presenting symptoms of Granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis)?

A

Painless, progressive, friable lesion without regional lymphadenopathy

45
Q

What is the treatment for Donovanosis?

A

Doxycycline

46
Q

What is the causative organism and presenting symptoms of lymphgranuloma venereum?

A

Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (L1/L2/L3)
Presents as a painless genital ulcer with unilateral adenopathy
May present as proctocolitis in homosexual men

47
Q

What is the chronic complication from lymphgranuloma venereum?

A

Chronic colorectal fistulas and strictures

48
Q

What is the recommended first-line therapy for gonorrhea infection?

A

Ceftriaxone plus Azithromycin/Doxycycline

49
Q

What causes an elevated vaginal pH?

A

Bacterial Vaginosis and Trichomonaisis

50
Q

What appears as motile organisms on a wet mount preparation?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

51
Q

What disease process shows Clue cells?

A

Bacterial vaginosis

52
Q

What disease process typically shows curved gram-negative rods?

A

Bacterial vaginosis (Mobiluncus)

53
Q

What are the adverse outcomes of bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy?

A

Premature rupture of membranes
Chorioamnionitis
Pre-term birth

54
Q

What are the clinical signs of Trichomonaisis?

A

Frothy, malodorous, yellow discharge with a strawberry cervix

55
Q

What do you treat partners with who female parterns have Trichomonaisis?

A

Metronidazole

56
Q

What strains of HPV cause the majority of genital warts?

A

HPV 6 and 11

57
Q

What strains of HPV cause cervical neoplasia?

A

HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, and 35

58
Q

When should women begin PAP screening?

A

Age 21

59
Q

What strength of Permethrin is used to treat scabies?

A

5%

Pediatric Boards (15 decks)

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