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First Aid Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average age of menarche in the US?

A

12 years

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2
Q

What sexual maturity rating is associated with menarche?

A

4

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3
Q

What are the major issues that middle-adolescents face?

A

Autonomy and independence

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the HEADSS screen?

A

Assess adolescents for high-risk behavior

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the CAGE questionnaire?

A

Screen for significant alcohol/drug abuse

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6
Q

What level of LDL should prompt medication use in adolescents?

A

> 190
160 with severe family history
130 in diabetics

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7
Q

What diagnosis should always be considered for both primary and secondary amennorhea?

A

Pregnancy

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8
Q

What types of diagnoses are considered if there is withdrawal bleeding secondary to a medroxyprogesterone challenge?

A

PCOS, Eating disorders, CNS tumors, Thyroid dysfunction

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9
Q

What is the most common cause of school and job absence among females?

A

Dysmenorrhea

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10
Q

What diagnosis is typically seen in women with a cottage-cheese-like, odorless discharge?

A

Vulvovaginal candidiasis

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11
Q

What disease is associated with a positive Whiff Test revealing a fishy odor?

A

Bacterial vaginosis

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12
Q

What diagnosis should be considered in males with bilateral cryptorchidism?

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

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13
Q

What laboratory findings are associated with hereditary angioedema?

A

C1 inhibitor deficiency leading to low C4 and CH50 levels

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14
Q

What enzyme is elevated shortly after the onset of anaphylaxis?

A

Tryptase

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15
Q

What type of immune reaction is serum sickness?

A

Type III

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16
Q

What food is responsible for the most adverse reactions?

A

Milk

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17
Q

What is the difference between Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia and CVID?

A

B cells are not absent in CVID

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18
Q

What are two key findings associated with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome?

A

Fat malabsorption

Neutropenia

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19
Q

What types of complement deficiencies is associated with infections of encapsulated organisms?

A

Early complement deficiencies

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20
Q

What types of complement deficiencies is associated with infections from meningococcus?

A

Late complement deficiencies

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21
Q

What laboratory study is associated with an increased risk of uveitis in patients with JIA?

A

Elevated ANA titers

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22
Q

What types of JIA patients have more aggressive and erosive arthritis?

A

Those with RF-positive JIA

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23
Q

What antibody is seen in drug-induced lupus?

A

Antihistone antibody

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24
Q

What intervention may be curative for patients with PFAPA sydrome?

A

Tonsillectomy

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25
What is the test used to diagnose Behcet's disease?
Pathergy test where pustules form at needlestick sites
26
What position usually alleviates pericarditis chest pain?
Leaning forward
27
What congenital heart disease is associated with Hurler syndrome?
Mitral regurgitation with aortic insufficiency
28
What congenital heart disease is associated with Pompe disease?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
29
What vitamin deficiency is associated with acrodermatitis enteropathica?
Zinc
30
What disease appears to resemble seborrheic dermatitis but is very recalcitrant to treatment?
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
31
What is the physical manifestation of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome?
Extensive port-wine stain involving a limb with a lymphatic malformation and soft tissue hypertrophy
32
What infection can lead to Stevens-Johnson syndrome?
Mycoplasma
33
What is telogen effluvium?
Benign hair loss 4 to 6 months after a very stressful event
34
What is the calucation for internal diameter size of an endotracheal tube?
(Age+16)/4
35
What drugs may be given via an endotracheal tube?
Lidocaine Epinephrine Atropine Naloxone
36
What sedative medication causes an increase in intracranial pressure?
Ketamine
37
What medication is used to reverse beta blocker overdose?
Glucagon
38
What bacteria is often a serious consideration in the evolution of infection from human bites?
Eikenella corrodens
39
What is the renal threshold of glucose reabsorption?
Approximately 180 mg/dL
40
What medication is approved for pediatric patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Metformin
41
What medication provides symptom relief for people diagnosed with Graves' disease?
Propranolol
42
What is the most common form of CAH?
21-hydroxylase deficiency
43
What types of CAH result in hypertension due to elevated 11-deoxycorticosterone production?
11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency | 17-hydroxylase deficiency
44
What delay in bone age is associated with a likely endocrinopathy?
A bone age greater than 2 years behind chronological age
45
What food can cross-contaminate and cause problems in patients with Celiac disease?
Oats
46
What are other issues that girls with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome face?
Precocious puberty | Irregular menstruation
47
What is the pentad of TTP?
``` Fever Thrombocytopenia MAHA Renal impairment Neurologic dysfunction ```
48
What is the most common complication of sickle cell disease in children under 5 years of age?
Dactylitis
49
What hemoglobinopathy is associated with target cells?
Thalassemia
50
What vitamin deficiency is associated with infants being fed primarily goat's milk?
Folate
51
What syndromes are associated with an increased risk of leukemia in the setting of GCSF?
Schwachman-Diamond syndrome | Kostmann's syndrome
52
What does the bone marrow classically show in patients with TAR syndrome?
No megakaryocytes
53
In what type of von Willebrand's disease is DDAVP contraindicated?
2B
54
What types of bleeding is associated with Hemophilia?
Muscle/joint bleeding
55
What are the distinguishing prenatal labs for Trisomy 21 and Trisomy 18?
Trisomy 21 has low AFP and high hCG | Trisomy 18 has low AFP and low hCG
56
What is the genetic mutation seen with Cri-du-Chat syndrome?
Deletion of 5p
57
What genetic syndrome is associated with infantile spasm?
Tuberous sclerosis
58
What concurrent disease process is typically seen in patients with Ataxia-telangiectasia?
Decreased IgA/IgE/IgG leading to sinopulmonary infections
59
What is the diagnosis: | Acidosis + Elevated Anion Gap + Ketones + Normal Lactate + Lethargy/Coma
Amino acid metabolic defect
60
What is the diagnosis: | Acidosis + Elevated Anion Gap + Ketones + Elevated Lactate + Low Glucose + Hypoglycemic seizures
Glycogen Storage Disease
61
What is the diagnosis: | Low ketones + Low glucose + Elevated Ammonia + Lethargy/Coma
Fatty Acid Oxidation Defect
62
What is the diagnosis: | Acidosis + Elevated Anion Gap + LOTS of Ketones + Developmental Delay
Organic Acid Metabolic Defect
63
What is the diagnosis: | Alkalosis + Negative Ketones + LOTS of Ammonia + Irritability/Coma
Urea Cycle Defect
64
What other electrolyte abnormalities can be seen during acute decompensation of an organic acid metabolic defect?
Pancytopenia | Hypocalcemia
65
What are the symptoms associated with Hurler syndrome?
Coarse facies, corneal clouding, hepatosplenomegaly, and neurodegeneration
66
What are the symptoms associated with Hunter syndrome?
Coarse facies, NO corneal clouding, hepatosplenomegaly, profound neurodegeneration
67
What is a key finding in Pompe's disease?
Cardiomegaly
68
What is a key finding in McArdle's disease?
Exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis
69
Which glycogen storage diseases have normal intelligence?
Type IV - Andersen's disease (FTT + Cirrhosis) | Type VI - Hers' disease (Ketosis + Hepatomegaly)
70
What are the key findings of Gaucher's disease?
Hepatosplenomegaly + Osteolytic lesions + Anemia + Thrombocytopenia
71
What are the key findings of Niemann-Pick disease?
Hypotonia + Hyperreflexia + Cherry-red spots
72
What are the key findings of Tay-Sachs disease?
Cherry-red spots + Blindness + Increased startle response
73
What is a key finding of Krabbe's disease?
Optic atrophy
74
What is the treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip?
18 months - Open reduction
75
What exam finding is pathognomonic for SCFE?
A hip that externally rotates with flexion
76
What angle of scoliosis typically indicates an orthopedic consult?
20 degrees
77
What angle of scoliosis is the threshold for surgery?
> 40 degrees
78
What primary abdominal tumor presents classically as intussusception?
Burkitt's lymphoma
79
What are Birbeck granules on electron microscopy diagnostic of?
LCH

Pediatric Boards (15 decks)

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