First Aid Flashcards
What is the average age of menarche in the US?
12 years
What sexual maturity rating is associated with menarche?
4
What are the major issues that middle-adolescents face?
Autonomy and independence
What is the purpose of the HEADSS screen?
Assess adolescents for high-risk behavior
What is the purpose of the CAGE questionnaire?
Screen for significant alcohol/drug abuse
What level of LDL should prompt medication use in adolescents?
> 190
160 with severe family history
130 in diabetics
What diagnosis should always be considered for both primary and secondary amennorhea?
Pregnancy
What types of diagnoses are considered if there is withdrawal bleeding secondary to a medroxyprogesterone challenge?
PCOS, Eating disorders, CNS tumors, Thyroid dysfunction
What is the most common cause of school and job absence among females?
Dysmenorrhea
What diagnosis is typically seen in women with a cottage-cheese-like, odorless discharge?
Vulvovaginal candidiasis
What disease is associated with a positive Whiff Test revealing a fishy odor?
Bacterial vaginosis
What diagnosis should be considered in males with bilateral cryptorchidism?
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
What laboratory findings are associated with hereditary angioedema?
C1 inhibitor deficiency leading to low C4 and CH50 levels
What enzyme is elevated shortly after the onset of anaphylaxis?
Tryptase
What type of immune reaction is serum sickness?
Type III
What food is responsible for the most adverse reactions?
Milk
What is the difference between Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia and CVID?
B cells are not absent in CVID
What are two key findings associated with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome?
Fat malabsorption
Neutropenia
What types of complement deficiencies is associated with infections of encapsulated organisms?
Early complement deficiencies
What types of complement deficiencies is associated with infections from meningococcus?
Late complement deficiencies
What laboratory study is associated with an increased risk of uveitis in patients with JIA?
Elevated ANA titers
What types of JIA patients have more aggressive and erosive arthritis?
Those with RF-positive JIA
What antibody is seen in drug-induced lupus?
Antihistone antibody
What intervention may be curative for patients with PFAPA sydrome?
Tonsillectomy
What is the test used to diagnose Behcet’s disease?
Pathergy test where pustules form at needlestick sites
What position usually alleviates pericarditis chest pain?
Leaning forward
What congenital heart disease is associated with Hurler syndrome?
Mitral regurgitation with aortic insufficiency
What congenital heart disease is associated with Pompe disease?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
What vitamin deficiency is associated with acrodermatitis enteropathica?
Zinc
What disease appears to resemble seborrheic dermatitis but is very recalcitrant to treatment?
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
What is the physical manifestation of Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome?
Extensive port-wine stain involving a limb with a lymphatic malformation and soft tissue hypertrophy
What infection can lead to Stevens-Johnson syndrome?
Mycoplasma
What is telogen effluvium?
Benign hair loss 4 to 6 months after a very stressful event
What is the calucation for internal diameter size of an endotracheal tube?
(Age+16)/4
What drugs may be given via an endotracheal tube?
Lidocaine
Epinephrine
Atropine
Naloxone
What sedative medication causes an increase in intracranial pressure?
Ketamine
What medication is used to reverse beta blocker overdose?
Glucagon
What bacteria is often a serious consideration in the evolution of infection from human bites?
Eikenella corrodens
What is the renal threshold of glucose reabsorption?
Approximately 180 mg/dL
What medication is approved for pediatric patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Metformin
What medication provides symptom relief for people diagnosed with Graves’ disease?
Propranolol
What is the most common form of CAH?
21-hydroxylase deficiency
What types of CAH result in hypertension due to elevated 11-deoxycorticosterone production?
11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency
17-hydroxylase deficiency
What delay in bone age is associated with a likely endocrinopathy?
A bone age greater than 2 years behind chronological age
What food can cross-contaminate and cause problems in patients with Celiac disease?
Oats
What are other issues that girls with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome face?
Precocious puberty
Irregular menstruation
What is the pentad of TTP?
Fever Thrombocytopenia MAHA Renal impairment Neurologic dysfunction
What is the most common complication of sickle cell disease in children under 5 years of age?
Dactylitis
What hemoglobinopathy is associated with target cells?
Thalassemia
What vitamin deficiency is associated with infants being fed primarily goat’s milk?
Folate
What syndromes are associated with an increased risk of leukemia in the setting of GCSF?
Schwachman-Diamond syndrome
Kostmann’s syndrome
What does the bone marrow classically show in patients with TAR syndrome?
No megakaryocytes
In what type of von Willebrand’s disease is DDAVP contraindicated?
2B
What types of bleeding is associated with Hemophilia?
Muscle/joint bleeding
What are the distinguishing prenatal labs for Trisomy 21 and Trisomy 18?
Trisomy 21 has low AFP and high hCG
Trisomy 18 has low AFP and low hCG
What is the genetic mutation seen with Cri-du-Chat syndrome?
Deletion of 5p
What genetic syndrome is associated with infantile spasm?
Tuberous sclerosis
What concurrent disease process is typically seen in patients with Ataxia-telangiectasia?
Decreased IgA/IgE/IgG leading to sinopulmonary infections
What is the diagnosis:
Acidosis + Elevated Anion Gap + Ketones + Normal Lactate + Lethargy/Coma
Amino acid metabolic defect
What is the diagnosis:
Acidosis + Elevated Anion Gap + Ketones + Elevated Lactate + Low Glucose + Hypoglycemic seizures
Glycogen Storage Disease
What is the diagnosis:
Low ketones + Low glucose + Elevated Ammonia + Lethargy/Coma
Fatty Acid Oxidation Defect
What is the diagnosis:
Acidosis + Elevated Anion Gap + LOTS of Ketones + Developmental Delay
Organic Acid Metabolic Defect
What is the diagnosis:
Alkalosis + Negative Ketones + LOTS of Ammonia + Irritability/Coma
Urea Cycle Defect
What other electrolyte abnormalities can be seen during acute decompensation of an organic acid metabolic defect?
Pancytopenia
Hypocalcemia
What are the symptoms associated with Hurler syndrome?
Coarse facies, corneal clouding, hepatosplenomegaly, and neurodegeneration
What are the symptoms associated with Hunter syndrome?
Coarse facies, NO corneal clouding, hepatosplenomegaly, profound neurodegeneration
What is a key finding in Pompe’s disease?
Cardiomegaly
What is a key finding in McArdle’s disease?
Exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis
Which glycogen storage diseases have normal intelligence?
Type IV - Andersen’s disease (FTT + Cirrhosis)
Type VI - Hers’ disease (Ketosis + Hepatomegaly)
What are the key findings of Gaucher’s disease?
Hepatosplenomegaly + Osteolytic lesions + Anemia + Thrombocytopenia
What are the key findings of Niemann-Pick disease?
Hypotonia + Hyperreflexia + Cherry-red spots
What are the key findings of Tay-Sachs disease?
Cherry-red spots + Blindness + Increased startle response
What is a key finding of Krabbe’s disease?
Optic atrophy
What is the treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip?
18 months - Open reduction
What exam finding is pathognomonic for SCFE?
A hip that externally rotates with flexion
What angle of scoliosis typically indicates an orthopedic consult?
20 degrees
What angle of scoliosis is the threshold for surgery?
> 40 degrees
What primary abdominal tumor presents classically as intussusception?
Burkitt’s lymphoma
What are Birbeck granules on electron microscopy diagnostic of?
LCH
