[MS] Common Disorders

Question 1

What are common signs of nightmares?

Answer 1

Occur during REM sleep. Onset between 3 and 5 years. Occur in the last third of the night.

Question 2

What are the common signs of night terrors?

Answer 2

Occur in non-REM sleep. Child appears awake yet unresponsive. Child does not remember the episode.

Question 3

What is an effective therapy for recurrent night terrors or somnambulism?

Answer 3

Preemptive awakenings

Question 4

What is the difference between central and obstructive sleep apnea?

Answer 4

Central is due to an absence of respiratory effort. Obstructive is due to a lack of flow despite effort.

Question 5

What syndrome is associated with hearing loss and syncope?

Answer 5

Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome

Question 6

How is most deafness acquired via inheritance?

Answer 6

Autosomal recessive

Question 7

What is the most common cause of infectious deafness?

Answer 7

CMV

Question 8

What does the audiogram look like for a normal test?

Answer 8

Normal rise and fall with peak inside the box

Question 9

What does the audiogram look like for otosclerosis?

Answer 9

A flat line with peaks well below the box

Question 10

What does the audiogram look like for dysarticulation of the middle ear bones?

Answer 10

A sharp rise and fall of the graph with a peak off of the entire chart of the graph

Question 11

What does the audiogram look like for a middle ear effusion?

Answer 11

A downsloping line with a peak not inside of the box

Question 12

By what age does eye coordination and tracking usually develop?

Answer 12

3 months

Question 13

What is the visual acuity of most term newborns?

Answer 13

20/400 with near-sighted vision (myopia)

Question 14

What is the most common cause of reduced visual acuity in children?

Answer 14

Amblyopia resulting in altered depth perception

Question 15

What percentage of children have color blindness?

Answer 15

8 to 10% of boys and less than 0.5% of girls

Question 16

What is the most common cause of cortical visual impairment?

Answer 16

Hypoxia

Question 17

What are the risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity?

Answer 17

Prematurity, very-low-birth weight, elevated arterial oxygen, mechanically ventilated for more than 7 days, surfactant therapy, and cumulative illness

Question 18

What is the chromosomal abnormality seen in Retinoblastoma?

Answer 18

Inactivation of 13q14

Question 19

What is the recommended amount of time-out used for children?

Answer 19

One minute per year of age

Question 20

What are the common associations with school refusal?

Answer 20

Anxiety, phobias, depression, and behavioral disorders

Question 21

By what age does body rocking usually disappear?

Answer 21

2 to 3 years

Question 22

What are the common symptoms associated with bruxism?

Answer 22

Muscular tenderness, TMJ pain, tooth damage, tension headaches, facial pain, and neck stiffness

Question 23

What is the common course of tics?

Answer 23

Suppressed during sleep and increased during stress

Question 24

What is the average age of onset and peak severity for Tourette’s syndrome?

Answer 24

Age of onset is 7 years. Peaks in severity between 10 and 12 years

Question 25

What medications may unmask an underlying Tourette’s syndrome?

Answer 25

Stimulant medication for ADHD

Question 26

What are two common causes of Pseudotumor Cerebrii in adolescents?

Answer 26

Doxycycline and Hypervitaminosis A

Question 27

What is the treatment of choice for cluster headaches?

Answer 27

Verapamil

Question 28

What are the characteristics of growing pains?

Answer 28

Bilateral, deep, aching pain that typically occurs late in the afternoon or night, and resolves by morning. There is not any associated joint involvement.

Question 29

What are the characteristics of an osteoid osteoma?

Answer 29

Sharp round-to-oval lesion that is associated with severe nighttime pain that responds to NSAIDs

Question 30

What are the characteristics of Oppositional Defiant Disorder?

Answer 30

A recurrent pattern of negativistic, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior which persists for greater than 6 months

Question 31

What are a few identifiers of Rett syndrome?

Answer 31

A mutation in the MeCP2 gene. First signaled by a deceleration of head growth.

Question 32

What are the characteristics of PANDAS?

Answer 32

AKA - Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococci
A worsening of OCD symptoms with concurrent Group A Streptococcus infection