[MS] Common Disorders Flashcards
What are common signs of nightmares?
Occur during REM sleep. Onset between 3 and 5 years. Occur in the last third of the night.
What are the common signs of night terrors?
Occur in non-REM sleep. Child appears awake yet unresponsive. Child does not remember the episode.
What is an effective therapy for recurrent night terrors or somnambulism?
Preemptive awakenings
What is the difference between central and obstructive sleep apnea?
Central is due to an absence of respiratory effort. Obstructive is due to a lack of flow despite effort.
What syndrome is associated with hearing loss and syncope?
Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome
How is most deafness acquired via inheritance?
Autosomal recessive
What is the most common cause of infectious deafness?
CMV
What does the audiogram look like for a normal test?
Normal rise and fall with peak inside the box
What does the audiogram look like for otosclerosis?
A flat line with peaks well below the box
What does the audiogram look like for dysarticulation of the middle ear bones?
A sharp rise and fall of the graph with a peak off of the entire chart of the graph
What does the audiogram look like for a middle ear effusion?
A downsloping line with a peak not inside of the box
By what age does eye coordination and tracking usually develop?
3 months
What is the visual acuity of most term newborns?
20/400 with near-sighted vision (myopia)
What is the most common cause of reduced visual acuity in children?
Amblyopia resulting in altered depth perception
What percentage of children have color blindness?
8 to 10% of boys and less than 0.5% of girls
What is the most common cause of cortical visual impairment?
Hypoxia
What are the risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity?
Prematurity, very-low-birth weight, elevated arterial oxygen, mechanically ventilated for more than 7 days, surfactant therapy, and cumulative illness
What is the chromosomal abnormality seen in Retinoblastoma?
Inactivation of 13q14
What is the recommended amount of time-out used for children?
One minute per year of age
What are the common associations with school refusal?
Anxiety, phobias, depression, and behavioral disorders
By what age does body rocking usually disappear?
2 to 3 years
What are the common symptoms associated with bruxism?
Muscular tenderness, TMJ pain, tooth damage, tension headaches, facial pain, and neck stiffness
What is the common course of tics?
Suppressed during sleep and increased during stress
What is the average age of onset and peak severity for Tourette’s syndrome?
Age of onset is 7 years. Peaks in severity between 10 and 12 years
What medications may unmask an underlying Tourette’s syndrome?
Stimulant medication for ADHD
What are two common causes of Pseudotumor Cerebrii in adolescents?
Doxycycline and Hypervitaminosis A
What is the treatment of choice for cluster headaches?
Verapamil
What are the characteristics of growing pains?
Bilateral, deep, aching pain that typically occurs late in the afternoon or night, and resolves by morning. There is not any associated joint involvement.
What are the characteristics of an osteoid osteoma?
Sharp round-to-oval lesion that is associated with severe nighttime pain that responds to NSAIDs
What are the characteristics of Oppositional Defiant Disorder?
A recurrent pattern of negativistic, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior which persists for greater than 6 months
What are a few identifiers of Rett syndrome?
A mutation in the MeCP2 gene. First signaled by a deceleration of head growth.
What are the characteristics of PANDAS?
AKA - Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococci
A worsening of OCD symptoms with concurrent Group A Streptococcus infection
