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Pediatric Boards > [MS] Dermatology > Flashcards

[MS] Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What syndrome is associated with multiple areas of aplasia cutis?

A

Trisomy 13.

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2
Q

What scalp finding is associated with cranial dysraphism?

A

Midline aplasia cutis lesions surrounded by a ring of thicker, darker hair.

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3
Q

What is the treatment for infantile acne?

A

Topical benzoyl peroxide or antibiotics. This typically resolves around 6 to 12 months.

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4
Q

What is seen on the smear/stain of these rashes:
A) Miliaria?
B) Erythema toxicum?
C) Transient Neonatal Pustular Melanosis?
D) Bullous Impetigo?

A

A) Neutrophils (blocked sweat glands)
B) Eosinophils
C) Neutrophils (2-5% African American infants)
D) Neutrophils with bacteria

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5
Q

What is the most common complication of rapidly growing hemangiomas?

A

Ulceration.

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6
Q

What are multiple cutaneous hemangiomas (greater than 5) associated with?

A

Visceral (Liver/Intestinal) hemangiomas.

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7
Q

What are first- and second-line therapies for hemangiomas?

A

First line – Propranolol.

Second line – Steroids or Vincristine.

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8
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Sturge-Weber syndrome?

A

Port wine stain in V1 distribution, ipsilateral cerebral vascular malformations, seizures, developmental delay, and contralateral hemiplegia.

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9
Q

What are the findings and treatment of a Nevus Sebaceous?

A

Appears yellow-to-salmon colored, hairless, and a plaque with a waxy texture. It is treated with pre-pubertal excision due to its tendency to turn into a basal cell carcinoma.

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10
Q

What are the buzz phrases that indicate a finding of a large congenital melanocytic nevus?

A

Coat-sleeve; Stocking; Cape-like; Bathing trunk; Garment-type.

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11
Q

What sign is associated with Neurofibromatosis type I?

A

Crowe Sign – small, grouped, freckle-like cafe-au-lait spots measuring 1-4mm in the axillae or groin.

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12
Q

What are the characteristic findings of Gorlin syndrome?

A
  1. Dysmorphic facies
  2. Palmoplantar pits
  3. Skeletal dysplasia
  4. Propensity to develop basal cell carcinoma
  5. Risk of ovarian cancer and medulloblastoma
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13
Q

What is the characteristic finding of Monilethrix?

A

Hairs have a beaded appearance microscopically and break off after growing 2-3cm.

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14
Q

What findings suggest that a nevus should be removed or excised?

A

Pain, pruritis, ulceration, change in size, change in color, change in shape, or are comestically bothersome.

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15
Q

What are the typical characteristics of Lichen Striatus?

A

Linear group of flat pink papules that leave a hypopigmented streak. These resolve over months-to-years without intervention.

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16
Q

What is a key side effect of Isotretenoin?

A

Pseudotumor cerebri.

17
Q

What are the characteristics of Erythrodermic Psoriasis?

A

The skin becomes red, warm, and scaly. There is difficulty controlling body temperature, and it is exacerbated by sunburns, illnesses, or beta-blockers. It is treated with Acitretin.

18
Q

What are the characteristics of Pustular Psoriasis?

A

Many small pustules that coalesce into psoriasis surrounding “lakes of pus”.

19
Q

What test is usually positive in most patients with Discoid Lupus?

A

Lesional Direct Immunoflorescence.

20
Q

What is the treatment for Erythema Nodosum?

A

Elevation and NSAIDs.

21
Q

What buzzword should clue a person into diagnosing Dermatomyositis?

A

Periorbital heliotrope rash (upper eyelids are scaly, dusky, pink-to-violet with edema).

22
Q

What vitamin deficiencies can cause hyperpigmentation?

A

Vitamin B12, Folate, and Niacin

23
Q

What is the type of rash seen with Zinc deficiency?

A

Perioral/perianal red, eczematous rash

24
Q

What is a distinguishing feature of Intertrigo?

A

Distinctive foul odor

25
Q

What is the treatment for perianal streptococcus?

A

10-day course of Penicillin

26
Q

What is the cause of “hot tub folliculitis”?

A

Pseudomonas

27
Q

Which tinea infections require oral therapy?

A

Tinea capitis and Tinea unguium

28
Q

What is the treatment for lice and scabies?

A

1% permethrin for lice, and 5% for scabies

29
Q

Which diseases have a positive Nikolsky’s sign?

A

Pemphigus vulgaris, TEN, and SSSS

30
Q

What are common exacerbating triggers for Porphyria Cutaneous Tarda?

A

Sun, Estrogen Ingestion, Alcohol Ingestion

31
Q

What is seen on Wood’s Lamp evaluation of Porphyria Cutaneous Tarda?

A

Pink glow

32
Q

What skin condition is associated with Celiac disease?

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

33
Q

What characteristics differentiate Erythema Multiforme from urticaria?

A

EM does not come-and-go, is is rounded in shape, and has blistering or central necrosis.

34
Q

What is the key difference between Ringworm and Granuloma Annulare?

A

Granuloma Annulare does not scale

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