[MS] Dermatology Flashcards
What syndrome is associated with multiple areas of aplasia cutis?
Trisomy 13.
What scalp finding is associated with cranial dysraphism?
Midline aplasia cutis lesions surrounded by a ring of thicker, darker hair.
What is the treatment for infantile acne?
Topical benzoyl peroxide or antibiotics. This typically resolves around 6 to 12 months.
What is seen on the smear/stain of these rashes:
A) Miliaria?
B) Erythema toxicum?
C) Transient Neonatal Pustular Melanosis?
D) Bullous Impetigo?
A) Neutrophils (blocked sweat glands)
B) Eosinophils
C) Neutrophils (2-5% African American infants)
D) Neutrophils with bacteria
What is the most common complication of rapidly growing hemangiomas?
Ulceration.
What are multiple cutaneous hemangiomas (greater than 5) associated with?
Visceral (Liver/Intestinal) hemangiomas.
What are first- and second-line therapies for hemangiomas?
First line – Propranolol.
Second line – Steroids or Vincristine.
What are the clinical manifestations of Sturge-Weber syndrome?
Port wine stain in V1 distribution, ipsilateral cerebral vascular malformations, seizures, developmental delay, and contralateral hemiplegia.
What are the findings and treatment of a Nevus Sebaceous?
Appears yellow-to-salmon colored, hairless, and a plaque with a waxy texture. It is treated with pre-pubertal excision due to its tendency to turn into a basal cell carcinoma.
What are the buzz phrases that indicate a finding of a large congenital melanocytic nevus?
Coat-sleeve; Stocking; Cape-like; Bathing trunk; Garment-type.
What sign is associated with Neurofibromatosis type I?
Crowe Sign – small, grouped, freckle-like cafe-au-lait spots measuring 1-4mm in the axillae or groin.
What are the characteristic findings of Gorlin syndrome?
- Dysmorphic facies
- Palmoplantar pits
- Skeletal dysplasia
- Propensity to develop basal cell carcinoma
- Risk of ovarian cancer and medulloblastoma
What is the characteristic finding of Monilethrix?
Hairs have a beaded appearance microscopically and break off after growing 2-3cm.
What findings suggest that a nevus should be removed or excised?
Pain, pruritis, ulceration, change in size, change in color, change in shape, or are comestically bothersome.
What are the typical characteristics of Lichen Striatus?
Linear group of flat pink papules that leave a hypopigmented streak. These resolve over months-to-years without intervention.
What is a key side effect of Isotretenoin?
Pseudotumor cerebri.
What are the characteristics of Erythrodermic Psoriasis?
The skin becomes red, warm, and scaly. There is difficulty controlling body temperature, and it is exacerbated by sunburns, illnesses, or beta-blockers. It is treated with Acitretin.
What are the characteristics of Pustular Psoriasis?
Many small pustules that coalesce into psoriasis surrounding “lakes of pus”.
What test is usually positive in most patients with Discoid Lupus?
Lesional Direct Immunoflorescence.
What is the treatment for Erythema Nodosum?
Elevation and NSAIDs.
What buzzword should clue a person into diagnosing Dermatomyositis?
Periorbital heliotrope rash (upper eyelids are scaly, dusky, pink-to-violet with edema).
What vitamin deficiencies can cause hyperpigmentation?
Vitamin B12, Folate, and Niacin
What is the type of rash seen with Zinc deficiency?
Perioral/perianal red, eczematous rash
What is a distinguishing feature of Intertrigo?
Distinctive foul odor
What is the treatment for perianal streptococcus?
10-day course of Penicillin
What is the cause of “hot tub folliculitis”?
Pseudomonas
Which tinea infections require oral therapy?
Tinea capitis and Tinea unguium
What is the treatment for lice and scabies?
1% permethrin for lice, and 5% for scabies
Which diseases have a positive Nikolsky’s sign?
Pemphigus vulgaris, TEN, and SSSS
What are common exacerbating triggers for Porphyria Cutaneous Tarda?
Sun, Estrogen Ingestion, Alcohol Ingestion
What is seen on Wood’s Lamp evaluation of Porphyria Cutaneous Tarda?
Pink glow
What skin condition is associated with Celiac disease?
Dermatitis herpetiformis
What characteristics differentiate Erythema Multiforme from urticaria?
EM does not come-and-go, is is rounded in shape, and has blistering or central necrosis.
What is the key difference between Ringworm and Granuloma Annulare?
Granuloma Annulare does not scale
