Movement Disorders

Question 1

What are some of the motor manifestations of PD

Answer 1

Pyramidal syndromes => spasticity
Basal Ganglia Disorders => hypo/hyperkinesia, compulsions and mannerisms
Cerebellar Disorders => ataxia

Question 2

What is myoclonus

Answer 2

Brief jerky unilateral movements due to transient inhibition of postural muscles
Positive - able to stay upright
Negative - unable to stay upright

Question 3

What is dystonia

Answer 3

Focal or generalised sustained involuntary muscular contraction

Question 4

What is ballism

-what is the most common cause of this?

Answer 4

Violent unilateral movement (flailing)

-lacunae strokes, levodopa overdose

Question 5

What are tics
-what pathologies does this appear in?
How is this different from chorea?

Answer 5

Involuntary and sudden, rapid, stereotypic movement
Short lasting, repetitive contraction of the same part of the body

Gilles de la Tourette
HD

Unpredictable random non stereotypic movement

Question 6

What are the hyperkinesias

Answer 6

Tremor
Dystonia
Myoclonus (ballisms)
Chorea (non stereotypic mv)
Tics (stereotypic mv)

Question 7

What are the hypokinesias

Answer 7

Akinesia

Rigidity