Movement Analysis Flashcards
What is meant by the term mechanical advantage?
A lever has a mechanical advantage if it only needs a small effort to move a large load
Which type of levers have a mechanical advantage?
2nd class levers always have an advantage, 1st class lever can do, depending on where the fulcrum lies in the middle.
In the body what acts as a fulcrum/pivot?
A joint
In the body what acts as the effort in a lever system?
Muscles
What lies in the middle of a first class lever?
Fulcrum
What lies in the middle of a second class lever?
Load
What lies in the middle of a third class lever?
Effort
Identify the 3 planes of movement
Frontal plane
Transverse plane
Sagittal plane
Which plane runs vertically dividing the body into front and back sections?
Frontal plane
Which plane divides the body into upper and lower sections?
Transverse plane
Which plane of movement splits the body vertically into left and right sides?
Sagittal plane
What movements occur through the frontal plane?
Abduction and adduction
E.g. Star jumps
What movements occur through the transverse plane?
Rotation
E.g. a half twist in trampolining
What movements occur through the sagittal plane?
Flexion and extension
E.g. Leg running action
Name the 3 axes of rotation
Frontal axis
Transverse axis
Longitudinal axis
Which axis of rotation runs down through the centre of the body from top to bottom?
Longitudinal axis
Which axis of rotation runs through the belly button from front to back?
Frontal axis
Which axis of rotation runs through the body from side to side
Transverse axis
What movements rotate around the frontal axis?
Abduction/ adduction
Give an example of a sporting action the rotates around the frontal axis
Cartwheel
What movements occur around the transverse axis
Flexion/extension
Give an example of a sporting movement that rotates around the transverse axis
Somersault
What movements occur around the longitudinal axis?
Rotation
Give a sporting example of a movement that rotates around the longitudinal axis
A pirouette in dance,
A full twist in trampolining
Identify the 3 components of a lever system
Fulcrum, Effort and Load
Give an example of a 1st class lever in sport
heading a football
fulcrum = neck joint
effort = trapezius
load = head
Give an example of a 2nd class lever in sport
jumping up off the floor
fulcrum = joints between your tarsals/metatarsals
effort = gastrocnemius
load = body weight
Give an example of a 3rd class lever in sport
the upwards phase of a bicep curl
fulcrum = elbow
effort = biceps
load = weight in hand
During the upwards phase of a bicep curl, which type of lever is being used?
3rd class
When going up onto your tiptoes during take-off when performing high jump, which type of lever is being used?
2nd class
When heading a ball in football, which type of lever system is being used?
1st class
During the upwards phase of a bicep curl, what acts as the effort?
bicep
During the upwards phase of a bicep curl, what acts as the fulcrum?
elbow
During the upwards phase of a bicep curl, what acts as the load?
the weight in your hand
When going up onto your tiptoes during take-off when performing high jump, what acts as the effort?
gastrocnemius
When going up onto your tiptoes during take-off when performing high jump, what acts as the load?
body weight
When going up onto your tiptoes during take-off when performing high jump, what acts as the fulcrum?
joints between tarsals and metatarsals
When heading a ball in football, what acts as the effort?
trapezius
When heading a ball in football, what acts as the load
your head
When heading a ball in football, what acts as the fulcrum
your neck
What is meant by the term ‘Mechanical Disadvantage’?
it takes a larger effort to move a smaller load
Which lever system has a mechanical disadvantage?
3rd class lever always has a mechanical disadvantage 2nd class lever can do, depending on where the fulcrum lies in the middle.
Although a 3rd class lever has a mechanical disadvantage, what is an advantage of this lever system?
you can move quickly
Give a sporting example of a movement that occurs through the transverse plane
e.g. a full twist
anything that involves rotation
Give a sporting example of a movement that occurs through the sagittal plane
e.g. running
anything that involves flexion and / or extension
Give a sporting example of a movement that occurs through the frontal plane
e.g. star jumps
anything that involves abduction and / or adduction
Which axis of rotation does a cartwheel turn about?
frontal axis
Which axis of rotation does a full twist turn about?
longitudinal axis
Which axis of rotation does a front somersault turn about?
transverse axis
Which plane of movement does the leg running action move through, and which axis does it turn about?
runs through the sagittal plane and around the transverse axis
Which plane of movement does a star jump move through, and which axis does it turn about?
runs through the frontal plane and around the frontal axis
Which plane of movement does a full twist move through, and which axis does it turn about?
runs through the transverse plane and around the longitudinal axis
