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GCSE PE > Cardiovacular System > Flashcards

Cardiovacular System Flashcards

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1
Q

Identify the functions of the cardiovascular system

A

Transport oxygen and nutrients
Control body temperature
Fight infection

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2
Q

Name the 4 chambers of the heart

A

left atrium
right atrium
left ventricle
right ventricle

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3
Q

What is meant by the term ‘double circulation’?

A

when blood goes around the body it will travel through the heart twice - once through the left side where it then goes to the body, then through the right side where it travels to the lungs

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4
Q

Name the two parts of double circulation

A 
Pulmonary circuit (blood that's transported between the heart and lungs)
Systemic circuit (blood that's transported between the heart and the rest of the body)
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5
Q

Which blood vessel carries blood out of the left side of the heart to the body?

A

Aorta

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6
Q

Which blood vessel carries blood into the right atrium from the body?

A

Vena Cava

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7
Q

Which blood vessel carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary artery

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8
Q

Which blood vessel carries blood from the lungs to the left atrium?

A

Pulmonary vein

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9
Q

Name the 3 valves in the heart

A

bicuspid valve (between the left atrium and ventricle)
tricuspid valve (between the right atrium and ventricle)
semi-lunar valves (between the ventricles and the blood vessels that lead out of the heart)
(these are also known as aortic valve (left side) and pulmonary valve (right side)

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10
Q

What is the name of the middle part of the heart that divides the two sides?

A

Septum

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11
Q

Name the 3 types of blood vessel

A

arteries
veins
capillaries

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12
Q

Which blood vessels are the smallest?

A

capillaries

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13
Q

Which blood vessels contain valves to help prevent the backflow of blood?

A

veins

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14
Q

Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?

A

arteries

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15
Q

Which blood vessels carry blood towards the heart?

A

veins

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16
Q

Identify the 4 components of blood

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma

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17
Q

What do red blood cells contain that transports oxygen?

A

haemoglobin

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18
Q

What is the role of red blood cells?

A

transport oxygen around the body

19
Q

What is the role of white blood cells?

A

create antibodies to fight infection

20
Q

What is the role of platelets?

A

to create blood clots if you cut yourself

21
Q

Define heart rate

A

the number of times your heart beats in a minute

22
Q

Define stroke volume

A

the amount of blood pumped out of the heart in one beat

23
Q

Define cardiac output

A

the amount of blood pumped out of the heart in one minute

24
Q

Cardiac output = ______________ x _____________

A

cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume

25
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

the force of blood against the artery walls

26
Q

What are the two different measurements of blood pressure called?

A

systolic blood pressure (when the heart contracts)

diastolic blood pressure (when the heart relaxes)

27
Q

Which blood vessels contain valves to prevent backflow of blood?

A

Veins

28
Q

Which are the smallest of the blood vessels?

A

Capillaries

29
Q

Which valve controls blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle?

A

Bicuspid valve

30
Q

Which valve controls the blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle?

A

Tricuspid valve

31
Q

Which valves control the blood flow from the ventricles, out of the heart?

A

Semi-lunar valves

32
Q

Which artery takes blood out of the left side of the heart towards the body?

A

Aorta

33
Q

Which vein brings blood from the body into the right side of the heart?

A

Vena cava

34
Q

Which vein takes blood from the lungs into the left side of the heart?

A

Pulmonary vein

35
Q

Which artery takes blood out of the left side of the heart to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary artery

36
Q

What does the term vasodilation mean?

A

Blood vessels dilate (get bigger)

37
Q

What does the term vasoconstriction mean?

A

Blood vessels constrict (get smaller)

38
Q

When you exercise, why do your muscles need more oxygen?

A

To create energy

39
Q

When you exercise, why does the blood flow to muscles increase?

A

To transport more oxygen to the muscles to make more energy

40
Q

During exercise, what do the blood vessels going to the working muscles do?

A

They dilate so more blood can flow to take more oxygen to the working muscles so they can make more energy

41
Q

What happens to the blood vessels that go towards to digestive system during exercise

A

They constrict so less blood goes towards them so it can be diverted to the working muscles

42
Q

What is meant by the term ‘blood distribution’?

A

When more blood goes towards to working muscles through vasodilation and less blood goes to the digestive system through vasoconstriction

43
Q

What does the term ‘redistribution of blood’ mean?

A

When more blood goes towards to working muscles through vasodilation and less blood goes to the digestive system through vasoconstriction

GCSE PE (19 decks)

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