Cardiovacular System Flashcards
Identify the functions of the cardiovascular system
Transport oxygen and nutrients
Control body temperature
Fight infection
Name the 4 chambers of the heart
left atrium
right atrium
left ventricle
right ventricle
What is meant by the term ‘double circulation’?
when blood goes around the body it will travel through the heart twice - once through the left side where it then goes to the body, then through the right side where it travels to the lungs
Name the two parts of double circulation
Pulmonary circuit (blood that's transported between the heart and lungs) Systemic circuit (blood that's transported between the heart and the rest of the body)
Which blood vessel carries blood out of the left side of the heart to the body?
Aorta
Which blood vessel carries blood into the right atrium from the body?
Vena Cava
Which blood vessel carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?
Pulmonary artery
Which blood vessel carries blood from the lungs to the left atrium?
Pulmonary vein
Name the 3 valves in the heart
bicuspid valve (between the left atrium and ventricle)
tricuspid valve (between the right atrium and ventricle)
semi-lunar valves (between the ventricles and the blood vessels that lead out of the heart)
(these are also known as aortic valve (left side) and pulmonary valve (right side)
What is the name of the middle part of the heart that divides the two sides?
Septum
Name the 3 types of blood vessel
arteries
veins
capillaries
Which blood vessels are the smallest?
capillaries
Which blood vessels contain valves to help prevent the backflow of blood?
veins
Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
arteries
Which blood vessels carry blood towards the heart?
veins
Identify the 4 components of blood
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
What do red blood cells contain that transports oxygen?
haemoglobin
What is the role of red blood cells?
transport oxygen around the body
What is the role of white blood cells?
create antibodies to fight infection
What is the role of platelets?
to create blood clots if you cut yourself
Define heart rate
the number of times your heart beats in a minute
Define stroke volume
the amount of blood pumped out of the heart in one beat
Define cardiac output
the amount of blood pumped out of the heart in one minute
Cardiac output = ______________ x _____________
cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume
What is blood pressure?
the force of blood against the artery walls
What are the two different measurements of blood pressure called?
systolic blood pressure (when the heart contracts)
diastolic blood pressure (when the heart relaxes)
Which blood vessels contain valves to prevent backflow of blood?
Veins
Which are the smallest of the blood vessels?
Capillaries
Which valve controls blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle?
Bicuspid valve
Which valve controls the blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
Which valves control the blood flow from the ventricles, out of the heart?
Semi-lunar valves
Which artery takes blood out of the left side of the heart towards the body?
Aorta
Which vein brings blood from the body into the right side of the heart?
Vena cava
Which vein takes blood from the lungs into the left side of the heart?
Pulmonary vein
Which artery takes blood out of the left side of the heart to the lungs?
Pulmonary artery
What does the term vasodilation mean?
Blood vessels dilate (get bigger)
What does the term vasoconstriction mean?
Blood vessels constrict (get smaller)
When you exercise, why do your muscles need more oxygen?
To create energy
When you exercise, why does the blood flow to muscles increase?
To transport more oxygen to the muscles to make more energy
During exercise, what do the blood vessels going to the working muscles do?
They dilate so more blood can flow to take more oxygen to the working muscles so they can make more energy
What happens to the blood vessels that go towards to digestive system during exercise
They constrict so less blood goes towards them so it can be diverted to the working muscles
What is meant by the term ‘blood distribution’?
When more blood goes towards to working muscles through vasodilation and less blood goes to the digestive system through vasoconstriction
What does the term ‘redistribution of blood’ mean?
When more blood goes towards to working muscles through vasodilation and less blood goes to the digestive system through vasoconstriction
