Movement

Question 1

What are proprioceptors?

Answer 1

A group of highly sensitive stretch receptors in muscle, tendons, and ligaments.

Question 2

What is flexion?

Answer 2

Reducing the angle of a joint by contracting muscles.
- e.g. biceps contract, triceps relax.

Question 3

What is extension?

Answer 3

Increasing the angle of a joint by contracting muscles.
- e.g. triceps contracts, biceps relax.

Question 4

What are muscles made up of?

Answer 4

Muscle fibres and each muscle fibre is a cell that contains myofibrils.

Question 5

What do motor neurons from the spinal cord release?

Answer 5

Acetylcholine.

Question 6

What is the direct cause of all your movements?

Answer 6

Motor neurons from the spinal cord releasing acetylcholine.

Question 7

What is grey matter made up of?

Answer 7

Cell bodies

Question 8

What is white matter made up of?

Answer 8

Axons

Question 9

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 9

• Thought.
• Movement.
• Memory.
• Emotions.
• Impulse control.
• Motor function.
• Personality.
• Language.
• Creativity.

Question 10

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

Answer 10

• Spatial reasoning.
• Receives sensory information.
• Touch.
• Pain.
• Temperature.

Question 11

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

Answer 11

• Visual processing.
• Receives information from the eyes.

Question 12

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

Answer 12

• Hearing.
• Language.
• Memory.

Question 13

What is the primary motor cortex?

Answer 13

Sends commands out to muscles.

Question 14

What does basal ganglia mean?

Answer 14

Towards to bottom.

Question 15

What is the basal ganglia?

Answer 15

Several clusters of neuronal cell bodies (grey matter) towards the bottom of the brain.

Question 16

What are the main parts of the basal ganglia?

Answer 16

• The putamen.
• The caudate nucleus.
• The globus pallidus.

Question 17

Why is the basal ganglia important?

Answer 17

It’s like a big library with every kind of movement that we’ve ever learned how to make.

Question 18

What is Parkinsons’ Disease a result of?

Answer 18

Direct loop dysfunction.

Question 19

What is Parkinsons Disease?

Answer 19

• A disease of inhibited movements.
• Difficulty starting movements.
• Movements tend to be smaller than intended.

Question 20

What is Hunting’s Disease a result of?

Answer 20

Indirect loop normal function.

Question 21

What is Hunting’s Disease?

Answer 21

• A disorder of excessive movements.
• Patients have involuntary and spasmodic movements.

Question 22

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

Answer 22

Responsible for using sensory feedback to check that what you are doing is actually what you intended.

Question 23

What does the motor system include?

Answer 23

• Primary motor cortex.
• Cerebellum.
• Supplementary motor area.
• Middle cingulate sulcus.
• Basal ganglia.

Question 24

What does the motor system control?

Answer 24

All skeletal muscles.

Question 25

What is an MRI?

Answer 25

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- A huge magnet.

Question 26

What is the supplementary motor area?

Answer 26

A part of the basal ganglia circuit that helps to start movement.

Question 27

What is involved in smoothing out movements by comparing intentions to movement outcomes?

Answer 27

The cerebellum.

Question 28

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 28

23 pairs.

Question 29

What are myofibrils?

Answer 29

Myofibrils are made up of proteins myosin and acting, which can become shorter, causing the muscle to contract.