Movement Flashcards
What are proprioceptors?
A group of highly sensitive stretch receptors in muscle, tendons, and ligaments.
What is flexion?
Reducing the angle of a joint by contracting muscles.
- e.g. biceps contract, triceps relax.
What is extension?
Straighteneing a joint.
Increasing the angle of a joint by contracting muscles.
- e.g. triceps contracts, biceps relax.
What are muscles made up of?
Muscle fibres and each muscle fibre is a cell that contains myofibrils.
What neurotransmitter do motor neurons from the spinal cord release?
Acetylcholine.
What is the direct cause of all your movements?
Motor neurons from the spinal cord releasing acetylcholine.
What is grey matter made up of?
Cell bodies
What is white matter made up of?
Axons
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
- Thought.
- Movement.
- Memory.
- Emotions.
- Impulse control.
- Motor function.
- Personality.
- Language.
- Creativity.
What is the parietal lobe responsible for?
- Spatial reasoning.
- Receives sensory information.
- Touch.
- Pain.
- Temperature.
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
- Visual processing.
- Receives information from the eyes.
What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
- Hearing.
- Language.
- Memory.
What is the primary motor cortex?
Sends commands out to muscles.
What does basal ganglia mean?
Towards the bottom.
What is the basal ganglia? (structure)
Several clusters of neuronal cell bodies (grey matter) towards the bottom of the brain.
What are the main parts of the basal ganglia?
- The putamen.
- The caudate nucleus.
- The globus pallidus.
Why is the basal ganglia important?
It’s like a big library with every kind of movement that we’ve ever learned how to make.
What is Parkinsons’ Disease a result of?
Direct loop dysfunction.
What is Parkinsons Disease?
- A disease of inhibited movements.
- Difficulty starting movements.
- Movements tend to be smaller than intended.
What is Hunting’s Disease a result of?
An indirect loop disorder.
What is Hunting’s Disease?
- A disorder of excessive movements.
- Patients have involuntary and spasmodic movements.
What is the cerebellum responsible for?
Responsible for using sensory feedback to check that what you are doing is actually what you intended.
What does the motor system include?
- Primary motor cortex.
- Cerebellum.
- Supplementary motor area.
- Middle cingulate sulcus.
- Basal ganglia.
What does the motor system control?
All skeletal muscles.
What is an MRI?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- A huge magnet.
What is the supplementary motor area?
A part of the basal ganglia circuit that helps to start movement.
What is involved in smoothing out movements by comparing intentions to movement outcomes?
The cerebellum.
How many chromosomes do humans have?
23 pairs.
What are myofibrils?
Myofibrils are made up of proteins myosin and acting, which can become shorter, causing the muscle to contract.
