Memory Flashcards
What are the processes of memory?
- Encoding.
- Consolidation.
- Storage.
- Retrieval.
What is non-declarative memory?
- Procedural.
- Habit/muscle memories.
What is episodic memory?
Memory for specific events/personal experiences.
What is semantic memory?
General knowledge and facts.
Where are memories stored?
Short-term memory, until consolidation occurs after time, and then they are stored in long-term memory.
What is retrograde amnesia?
Cannot recall long-term memories formed during a period before trauma.
What is anterograde amnesia?
Cannot form new memories after brain damage.
What is Hebb’s rule?
When a cell continuously activates another nearby cell, the connection between the two cells becomes stronger.
What did Karl Lashley find?
Memories are not localised, they are widely distributed in the cortex.
What brain structures were damaged in HM’s brain?
Medial temporal lobe structures:
- Hippocampus.
- Amygdala.
- Entorhinal, perirhinal and parahippocampal cortex.
What happened to HM?
He had surgery to remove the medial aspect of the temporal lobes to relieve epilepsy.
- Resulted in complete and severe anterograde amnesia, as well as partial retrograde amnesia.
- He could not form new long-term memories.
- He couldn’t remember things from a few years before the operation, but could still remember childhood memories.
- His short-term memory is intact.
What are examples of tasks to test retrograde memory?
- Famous faces test.
- Autobiographical memory interview.
What are examples of tasks used to test anterograde memory?
Recall and recognition tests with words and pictures.
- Rey-Osterrieth complex figure task.
Could HM consolidate new infomation?
No
What is long term memory?
The capacity to store information over long periods of time.
