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Biological Psychology > Hormones and Drugs > Flashcards

Hormones and Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

A system that consists of a series of glands that function individually or conjointly to integrate and control metabolic activities in the body.

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2
Q

What do the glands in the endocrine system release?

A

Chemical messengers called hormones.

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3
Q

What can affect the whole endocrine system?

A

Over or under activity of any gland.

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4
Q

What is a target cell?

A

A cell that has receptors for a specific hormone and can respond to it.

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5
Q

How do exocrine glands secrete their products?

A

Exocrine glands secrete their products into the ducts that carry these product to other organs or outside the body.

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6
Q

How do endocrine glands secrete their products?

A

Endocrine glands secrete products directly into the blood stream.

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7
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical signals that promote communication between parts of the body.

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8
Q

What are pheromones?

A

Pheromones are chemical signals that influence the behaviour of other individuals.

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9
Q

What are examples of peptide hormones?

A
  • Insulin.
  • Growth hormones.
  • Endorphins.
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10
Q

What are peptide hormones?

A

They are made by DNA and bind to receptors on the cell membrane, generating a second messenger that affects the cells physiology.

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11
Q

What are examples of steroid hormones?

A
  • Testosterone.
  • Cortisol.
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12
Q

What are steroid hormones?

A

They act on cells DNA to increase or decrease the production of proteins.

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13
Q

What do adrenal glands regulate and what are they responsible for?

A
  • They regulate carbohydrate, water and electrolyte levels.
  • They are responsible for reproduction and secondary sexual characteristics.
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14
Q

What hormones do adrenal glands secrete?

A
  • Cortisol.
  • Adrenaline.
  • Noradrenaline.
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15
Q

What do ovaries regulate?

A

They regulate the female reproductive system.

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16
Q

What hormones do ovaries secrete?

A
  • Oestrogen (regulates menstrual cycle).
  • Progesterone (Prepares women for conditions of pregnancy).
17
Q

What do testes regulate?

A

The male reproductive system.

18
Q

What hormone does the testes secrete?

A

Testosterone (promotes sperm production).

19
Q

What does the pancreas regulate?

A

Blood sugar levels.

20
Q

What hormones do the pancreas secrete?

A
  • Glucagon (stimulates the liver to release glucose into the blood).
  • Insulin (Regulates and promotes entry of glucose into the cells).
21
Q

What do the parathyroid glands regulate?

A

The amount of calcium in the blood.

22
Q

What do the thyroid glands regulate?

A

Metabolic rate.

23
Q

What hormones do the thyroid glands secrete?

A
  • Thyroxine.
  • Triiodothyronine.
24
Q

What hormones do the parathyroid glands secrete?

A

Parathyroid hormone.

25
Q

What do the pineal glands regulate?

A

Circadian rhythm.

26
Q

What hormones do the pineal glands secrete?

A

Melatonin.

27
Q

What is melatonin?

A

A hormone that helps regulate sleep and the body’s circadian rhythm.

28
Q

What do the pituitary glands regulate?

A
  • Function of the adrenal cortex.
  • Function of male and female gonads.
  • Milk production.
  • Function of the thyroid gland.
29
Q

What does the thymus gland promote?

A

The development of cells in the immune system.

30
Q

What hormones does the thymus gland secrete?

A
  • Thymulin.
  • Insulin.
  • Melatonin.
31
Q

What is endocrinology?

A

A branch of medicine concerned with the diagnoses and treatment of diseases that affect your glands and hormone levels.

32
Q

What are examples of endocrine disorders?

A
  • Adrenal disorders.
  • Diabetes.
  • Lipid disorders.
  • Osteoporosis.
  • Pituitary disorders.
  • Parathyroid and calcium disorders.
  • PCOS.
  • Infertility.
  • Thyroid disorders.
33
Q

What are homeostatic hormones?

A

Hormones that maintain a state of internal metabolic balance and regulate physiological systems in an organ.

34
Q

What do gonadal hormones control?

A

Reproductive function.

35
Q

What are psychoactive drugs?

A

Substances that act to alter mood, thought, or behaviour and that are used to manage neuropsychological illness.

36
Q

What is a drug?

A

A chemical compound that is administered to bring about some desired change in the body.

37
Q

Examples of psychoactive drugs.

A

CNS stimulants:
- Cocaine.
- Caffeine.

CNS depressants:
- Alcohol.

Antipsychotics:
- Chlorpromazine.

Biological Psychology (13 decks)

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