Motor Control/Motor Learning

Question 1

What is motor control?

Answer 1

The ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement

Question 2

Motor control refers to…

Answer 2

how the central nervous system organizes movement.
how we quantify movement.
the nature of movement.

Question 3

What are common conditions with motor deficit?

Answer 3

Cerebral palsy
Developmental coordination disorder (DCD)
Pervasive developmental disorder
Down syndrome
Sensory integration disorders
Acquired brain injuries

Question 4

What are guiding theories for motor control/motor learning disorders?

Answer 4

Top-down
Dynamic systems theory
Ecological theory

Question 5

With the dynamical systems theory, movement is dependent on…

Answer 5

Task characteristics
Interaction among systems
- Individual
- Task
- Environment

Question 6

According to dynamical systems theory, when does dysfunction occur?

Answer 6

Dysfunction occurs when flexibility or adaptability of movements is limited and cannot accommodate task demands or environmental constraints.

Question 7

Describe the ecological theory.

Answer 7

Interaction between the person and the environment
Perception in everyday activities
Gibson’s ecological theory
- Agency
- Prospectivity
- Behavioral flexibility

Question 8

What is whole learning?

Answer 8

Learning the entire task is more effective than learning part of the task.
Children perform more efficiently in whole-task activities.
The whole activity requires children to use multiple systems.

Question 9

What are principles of motor control?

Answer 9

Movement is a result of an interaction among systems (person, occupation, and environment).
There is variability within systems.
Process of motor learning includes the importance of meaningful activities within a supportive environment which allows the child to problem solve.

Question 10

What are personal factors involved with motor control/learning disorders?

Answer 10

Cognition
Musculoskeletal
Sensory
Perception
Social-emotional

Question 11

What are task characteristics involved with dynamical systems theory?

Answer 11

Nature of task
Object properties
Goals
Rules

Question 12

What are environmental contexts?

Answer 12

Physical, social, cultural, temporal, virtual, and personal

Question 13

What is the process of motor learning?

Answer 13

Meaningful activities
Whole task training vs part-task training
Variability
Timing
Problem-solving or error-based learning
Supportive environment
Transfer of learning
Sequencing and adapting tasks
Practice levels and types
Feedback
Mental practice
Type and amount of practice

Question 14

What are types of feedback?

Answer 14

Extrinsic vs. intrinsic
Demonstrative
Knowledge of performance
Knowledge of results

Question 15

What are practice levels and types?

Answer 15

Massed
Distributed
Variable or random

Question 16

What practice models are often used with dynamic systems theory?

Answer 16

MOHO
PEOP
OA
CMOP

Question 17

What is task-specific training?

Answer 17

Training is relevant to client and context.
Practice sequences are randomly ordered.
Training is repetitive.
The goal is for the client to complete the whole task.
Client should be positively reinforced.

Question 18

What other approaches use motor control and motor learning?

Answer 18

Framework for occupational gradation
Cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance
Constraint-induced movement therapy
Intensive bimanual therapy
- Hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy

Question 19

___ support a dynamic systems approach that movement derives from an interaction of person factors, task characteristics, and environmental systems.

Answer 19

Contemporary motor-control interventions

Question 20

What are motor-learning strategies?

Answer 20

Techniques to promote motor acquisition and motor control
EX: transfer of learning, feedback, practice, sequencing and adapting tasks, modeling or demonstration, and mental rehearsal

Question 21

Contemporary therapy approaches which show significant scientific rigor and use motor-control and motor-learning principles inform evidence-based interventions such as __.

Answer 21

CIMT and intensive bimanual therapy