Motor Control/Motor Learning Flashcards
What is motor control?
The ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement
Motor control refers to…
how the central nervous system organizes movement.
how we quantify movement.
the nature of movement.
What are common conditions with motor deficit?
Cerebral palsy
Developmental coordination disorder (DCD)
Pervasive developmental disorder
Down syndrome
Sensory integration disorders
Acquired brain injuries
What are guiding theories for motor control/motor learning disorders?
Top-down
Dynamic systems theory
Ecological theory
With the dynamical systems theory, movement is dependent on…
Task characteristics
Interaction among systems
- Individual
- Task
- Environment
According to dynamical systems theory, when does dysfunction occur?
Dysfunction occurs when flexibility or adaptability of movements is limited and cannot accommodate task demands or environmental constraints.
Describe the ecological theory.
Interaction between the person and the environment
Perception in everyday activities
Gibson’s ecological theory
- Agency
- Prospectivity
- Behavioral flexibility
What is whole learning?
Learning the entire task is more effective than learning part of the task.
Children perform more efficiently in whole-task activities.
The whole activity requires children to use multiple systems.
What are principles of motor control?
Movement is a result of an interaction among systems (person, occupation, and environment).
There is variability within systems.
Process of motor learning includes the importance of meaningful activities within a supportive environment which allows the child to problem solve.
What are personal factors involved with motor control/learning disorders?
Cognition
Musculoskeletal
Sensory
Perception
Social-emotional
What are task characteristics involved with dynamical systems theory?
Nature of task
Object properties
Goals
Rules
What are environmental contexts?
Physical, social, cultural, temporal, virtual, and personal
What is the process of motor learning?
Meaningful activities
Whole task training vs part-task training
Variability
Timing
Problem-solving or error-based learning
Supportive environment
Transfer of learning
Sequencing and adapting tasks
Practice levels and types
Feedback
Mental practice
Type and amount of practice
What are types of feedback?
Extrinsic vs. intrinsic
Demonstrative
Knowledge of performance
Knowledge of results
What are practice levels and types?
Massed
Distributed
Variable or random
What practice models are often used with dynamic systems theory?
MOHO
PEOP
OA
CMOP
What is task-specific training?
Training is relevant to client and context.
Practice sequences are randomly ordered.
Training is repetitive.
The goal is for the client to complete the whole task.
Client should be positively reinforced.
What other approaches use motor control and motor learning?
Framework for occupational gradation
Cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance
Constraint-induced movement therapy
Intensive bimanual therapy
- Hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy
___ support a dynamic systems approach that movement derives from an interaction of person factors, task characteristics, and environmental systems.
Contemporary motor-control interventions
What are motor-learning strategies?
Techniques to promote motor acquisition and motor control
EX: transfer of learning, feedback, practice, sequencing and adapting tasks, modeling or demonstration, and mental rehearsal
Contemporary therapy approaches which show significant scientific rigor and use motor-control and motor-learning principles inform evidence-based interventions such as __.
CIMT and intensive bimanual therapy
