Adolescence Flashcards
What are the 2 levels of adolescence?
Early adolescence: 12-15
Older adolescence: 16-18
Main reason for separation:
- Driving, work, supervision
What defines the start of adolescence?
Entry into adulthood
Onset: associated with puberty (high school)
- Typically, from 12-15
- As early as 8 and as late as 16
- Later in girls based on activity.
Religious/culture
- Bar and bat mitzvahs
- Confirmation
- Tween to teen
- Parental influence or lack of.
What defines the end of adolescence?
Much harder to determine.
18 vs. 21
Age of financial, physical, and psychological independence
What major changes occur during adolescence?
Biological
Psychological
Cognitive and sociological
Optimal development during adolescence includes…
Biological: physically mature, healthy, proper diet and physically fit
Cognitive: hypothetical, multidimensional thought process, at least 12
years of formal education
Emotional: secure, self-confident, ability to overcome issues, emotionally stable
Social: the ability to understand other’s perspective, friends, cooperative relationship, at least one intimate relationship
Moral: established a personal code of moral principles
Vocational: life plan based on personal preference, recognition of abilities and goals, productive employment, or plan for employment
Describe physical changes that occur in adolescence.
Highly dependent on heredity and environment
Sexual characteristics
- Estrogen and testosterone
- Breast and testicle development
- Pubic, axillary, and facial hair
- On set of menses (12 years)
- Mature sperm (14yrs)
Tanner stages, 1-5
Height
- Girls 16-18
- Boys 18-20
- Idiopathic scoliosis
Weight
- Boys lose fat, girls gain it.
- Increase in obesity.
Motor skills
- Continue to refine.
- Performance skills
- Isolated hand function
* Manipulation and coordination skills
- Motor skills correlate with physical growth.
- Strength = testosterone
Describe cognitive development in adolescence.
Formal Operational
- Symbolic thought
- Deductive reasoning
- Hypothetical thought
- Abstract thought
Thinking becomes more efficient.
Processing skills
- Tool use
- Transfer and adaptation
Metacognition and monitoring skills
Still somewhat impulsive
Temporal organization
- Can plan and carry out tasks.
- Initiate, follow through, and terminate.
Adaptation
Adaptive Response: the ability to use past knowledge (physical, social, cognitive, psychological) in a different way to make an appropriate response.
Describe psychological changes that occur in adolescence.
Self-definition
- Based on their wants, needs and talents
- Stress associated with peer pressure.
Evolving identity
Social cultural challenges
- Nursing
- Stay at home dads.
Ability to handle emotions (2 at the same time)
Role of
- Acquaintances, companions, intimates
- Sexual identity
Describe the typical day of an adolescent.
ADLSs
IADLs
Education
Transition to multiple teacher
Classes may not be with friends.
Education for their benefit, connection to their future
Socialization aspects
Opportunity to impact a child.
Role of driving
Role of extracurricular activities
All of these contribute to career literacy.
Describe play and leisure in adolescence.
Still important
Often end up being lifelong pursuits
Lead to mentally, physically health
Sports
- Advantages: Perceived competence
- Disadvantages: Injuries
Describe vocation and work in adolescence.
Work, career, and vocational development.
FLSA - Fair Labor Standards ACT
- 16 yrs. Old you can work full time, not at 14 yrs.
- Industry specifications.
- Varies by state.
Describe communication skills in adolescence.
Highly indicative of who we are.
Adaptive responses
Gestures, eye contact, posture, articulation, assertiveness
Building relationships
- Dating
- Socially appropriate communication skills
Over talking
Topics
Modulates
Conforming
Impact of technology
