Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

A need or desire that serves to energize of direct behavior

Question 2

Evolutionary theory

Answer 2

Animals are motivated to act by basic needs critical to the survival of the organism

Question 3

Primary drives

Answer 3

Hunger, thirst, sleep, and reproduction needs

Question 4

Secondary drive

Answer 4

The desire to obtain learned reinforcers, such as money or social acceptance

Question 5

Instinct theory

Answer 5

The learning of species-specific behavior motivates organisms to do what is necessary to ensure their survival

Question 6

Arousal theory

Answer 6

The main reason people are motivated to preform any action is to maintain an ideal level of physiological arousal

Question 7

Yerkes-Dodson law

Answer 7

Tasks of moderate difficulty elicit the highest level of performance

Question 8

Opponent process theory

Answer 8

We start off at a motivational base like, at which we are not motivated to act. Then we encounter a stimulus that fells good, not acquiring a motivation to seek out the stimulus that made us feel good

Question 9

Drive-reduction theory

Answer 9

Psychological needs put stress on the body and that we are motivated to reduce this negative experience

Question 10

Ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 10

Sends messages to the brain to eat less and exercise more

Question 11

Lateral hypothalamus

Answer 11

When body weight falls below the set point

Question 12

Lepton

Answer 12

Protein produced by bloated fat cells

Question 13

Glucostatic hypothesis

Answer 13

Glucose is the primary fuel of the brain and most other organs

Question 14

Lipostatic hypothesis

Answer 14

Fat is the measured and controlled substance in the body that regulates hunger

Question 15

Anorexia

Answer 15

An individual being 15% below ideal body weight

Question 16

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 16

Alternating periods of binging and purging

Question 17

Androgensestrogen

Answer 17

The primary sexual hormones in males and females, respectively

Question 18

Instinct

Answer 18

Genetically programmed patterns of behavior

Question 19

Hierarchy of needs- physiological

Answer 19

Breathing, food, water, etc.

Question 20

Hierarchy of needs- safety

Answer 20

Employment, saving’s account, house

Question 21

Hierarchy of needs- love/belonging

Answer 21

Making friends, family

Question 22

Hierarchy of needs- esteem

Answer 22

Feeling better about yourself (confidence, achievement)

Question 23

Hierarchy of needs- self actualization

Answer 23

People creatively and meaningfully fulfill their own potential

Question 24

Extrinsic factors

Answer 24

Engaging in activities to obtain incentives or external rewards

Question 25

Intrinsic factors

Answer 25

Rn ganging in activities because those activéis are personally rewarding or fulfill our beliefs or expectations

Question 26

Overjustification effect

Answer 26

Over time, intrinsic motivation may decrease if we receive extrinsic rewards

Question 27

Self determination

Answer 27

The need to feel competent and in control

Question 28

Self-efficacy

Answer 28

The belief that we can or cannot attain a particular goal

Question 29

Achievement motivation

Answer 29

The need to reach realistic goals that we set for ourselves

Question 30

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 30

People are motivated to reduce tension produced by conflicting thoughts or choices

Question 31

Approach-approach conflict

Answer 31

One has to decide between two desirable options

Question 32

Avoidance-avoidance conflict

Answer 32

One has to choose between two unpleasant alternatives

Question 33

Approach-avoidance conflict

Answer 33

Only one choice is presented, but it carries both pluses and minuses

Question 34

Multiple approach-avoidance conflict

Answer 34

Many portions are available, but each has positives and negatives

Question 35

Components of emotion

Answer 35

Physiological (body), behavioral (action), cognitive (mind)

Question 36

James-Lange theory

Answer 36

Environmental stimuli causes physiological changers and responses

Question 37

Cannon-bard theory

Answer 37

Physiological response to an emotion and the experience of emotion occur simultaneously in response to an emotion-provoking stimulus

Question 38

Two-factor theory

Answer 38

The first fact is physiological arousal; the second factor is the way in which we cognitively label the arousal

Question 39

Facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 39

A person’s facial expression can influence the actual emotion being experienced

Question 40

Flashback

Answer 40

Recall of a memory from an experience

Question 41

Prefrontal cortex

Answer 41

Involved in emotional experience, decision making

Question 42

Stressors

Answer 42

Events that cause stress

Question 43

Transient

Answer 43

Temporary challenges (stress)

Question 44

Alarm

Answer 44

The arousal of the sympathetic nervous system

Question 45

Resistance

Answer 45

Physiologically ready

Question 46

Exhaustion

Answer 46

Body’s resources are exhausted, and tissue cannot be repaired

Question 47

Type A pattern

Answer 47

Competitiveness, sense of urgency, elevated feelings of anger and hostility

Question 48

Type B pattern

Answer 48

Low level of competitiveness, low preoccupation with time issues, easygoing