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AP Psychology > Motivation and Emotion > Flashcards

Motivation and Emotion Flashcards

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1
Q

Motivation

A

A need or desire that serves to energize of direct behavior

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2
Q

Evolutionary theory

A

Animals are motivated to act by basic needs critical to the survival of the organism

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3
Q

Primary drives

A

Hunger, thirst, sleep, and reproduction needs

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4
Q

Secondary drive

A

The desire to obtain learned reinforcers, such as money or social acceptance

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5
Q

Instinct theory

A

The learning of species-specific behavior motivates organisms to do what is necessary to ensure their survival

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6
Q

Arousal theory

A

The main reason people are motivated to preform any action is to maintain an ideal level of physiological arousal

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7
Q

Yerkes-Dodson law

A

Tasks of moderate difficulty elicit the highest level of performance

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8
Q

Opponent process theory

A

We start off at a motivational base like, at which we are not motivated to act. Then we encounter a stimulus that fells good, not acquiring a motivation to seek out the stimulus that made us feel good

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9
Q

Drive-reduction theory

A

Psychological needs put stress on the body and that we are motivated to reduce this negative experience

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10
Q

Ventromedial hypothalamus

A

Sends messages to the brain to eat less and exercise more

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11
Q

Lateral hypothalamus

A

When body weight falls below the set point

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12
Q

Lepton

A

Protein produced by bloated fat cells

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13
Q

Glucostatic hypothesis

A

Glucose is the primary fuel of the brain and most other organs

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14
Q

Lipostatic hypothesis

A

Fat is the measured and controlled substance in the body that regulates hunger

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15
Q

Anorexia

A

An individual being 15% below ideal body weight

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16
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

Alternating periods of binging and purging

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17
Q

Androgensestrogen

A

The primary sexual hormones in males and females, respectively

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18
Q

Instinct

A

Genetically programmed patterns of behavior

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19
Q

Hierarchy of needs- physiological

A

Breathing, food, water, etc.

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20
Q

Hierarchy of needs- safety

A

Employment, saving’s account, house

21
Q

Hierarchy of needs- love/belonging

A

Making friends, family

22
Q

Hierarchy of needs- esteem

A

Feeling better about yourself (confidence, achievement)

23
Q

Hierarchy of needs- self actualization

A

People creatively and meaningfully fulfill their own potential

24
Q

Extrinsic factors

A

Engaging in activities to obtain incentives or external rewards

25
Q

Intrinsic factors

A

Rn ganging in activities because those activéis are personally rewarding or fulfill our beliefs or expectations

26
Q

Overjustification effect

A

Over time, intrinsic motivation may decrease if we receive extrinsic rewards

27
Q

Self determination

A

The need to feel competent and in control

28
Q

Self-efficacy

A

The belief that we can or cannot attain a particular goal

29
Q

Achievement motivation

A

The need to reach realistic goals that we set for ourselves

30
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

People are motivated to reduce tension produced by conflicting thoughts or choices

31
Q

Approach-approach conflict

A

One has to decide between two desirable options

32
Q

Avoidance-avoidance conflict

A

One has to choose between two unpleasant alternatives

33
Q

Approach-avoidance conflict

A

Only one choice is presented, but it carries both pluses and minuses

34
Q

Multiple approach-avoidance conflict

A

Many portions are available, but each has positives and negatives

35
Q

Components of emotion

A

Physiological (body), behavioral (action), cognitive (mind)

36
Q

James-Lange theory

A

Environmental stimuli causes physiological changers and responses

37
Q

Cannon-bard theory

A

Physiological response to an emotion and the experience of emotion occur simultaneously in response to an emotion-provoking stimulus

38
Q

Two-factor theory

A

The first fact is physiological arousal; the second factor is the way in which we cognitively label the arousal

39
Q

Facial feedback hypothesis

A

A person’s facial expression can influence the actual emotion being experienced

40
Q

Flashback

A

Recall of a memory from an experience

41
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Involved in emotional experience, decision making

42
Q

Stressors

A

Events that cause stress

43
Q

Transient

A

Temporary challenges (stress)

44
Q

Alarm

A

The arousal of the sympathetic nervous system

45
Q

Resistance

A

Physiologically ready

46
Q

Exhaustion

A

Body’s resources are exhausted, and tissue cannot be repaired

47
Q

Type A pattern

A

Competitiveness, sense of urgency, elevated feelings of anger and hostility

48
Q

Type B pattern

A

Low level of competitiveness, low preoccupation with time issues, easygoing

AP Psychology (13 decks)

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