Clinical Psychology: Treatment Flashcards
Free association
The patient reports any and all conscious thoughts and ideas
Transference
When the patient shifts thoughts and feelings about certain people or events onto the therapist
Countertransference
If the therapist transfers his or her own feelings onto the patient
Client-centered therapy
Involves the assumption that clients can be understood only in terms of their own realities
Accurate empathic understanding
The therapist’s ability to view the world from the eyes of the client
Gestalt theory
Clients may be asked to physically “act out” psychological conflicts in order to make them aware of the interactions between the mind and body
Behavioral therapy
A short term process treating symptoms of the behavior (there is not need underlying cause of the problem)
Counterconditioning
A response to a given stimulus is replaced by a different response
Flooding
Exposing a client to the stimulus that causes the undesirable response
Implosion
The client imagines the disruptive stimuli rather than actually confronting them
Rational-emotive behavior therapy
Change manipulative thoughts and emotional responses by confronting the irrational thought directly
Arbitrary inference
A person draws conclusions without evidence
Dichotomous thinking
All-or-none conceptions of situations
Antipsychotics
Reduces the symptoms of schizophrenia by blocking the neural receptors for dopamine
Antidepressants
Block monoamine oxidase, which is responsible for the breakdown of many neurotransmitters
Selective reputake inhibitors
Increase the amount of neurotransmitter at the synaptic cleft by blocking the reuptake mechanism of the cell that released the neurotransmitters
Anxiolytics
Depress the central nervous system and reduce anxiety while increasing feelings of well-being and insomnia
Benzodiazepines
Cause muscle relaxation and a feeling of tranquility
Social psychology
The study of psychology within the context of social or interpersonal interactions
Intersectionality
Individuals hold multiple social identities
Ethnocentrism
Holding the values or beliefs of one’s own in-group as better than those of another’s
Cultural relativism
The idea that beliefs and values of one’s in-group may be different than those of another, but that they are not necessarily better or worse: just different
Assimilation
A process of taking on another’s culture in order to fit in to a new society
Social facilitation
An increase in performance on a task that occurs when that task is performed in the presence of others
Social inhibition
When the presence of others make performance worse
Social loafing
The reduced effort group members put in a shared task as a result of the size of the group
Group polarization
The exaggeration of our initial attitudes
Attribution
The way in which people assign responsibility for certain outcomes
Dispositional attribution
The cause of a behavior or outcome is internal
Situational attribution
Assigns the cause to the environment or external conditions
Self-serving bias
Sees the cause of actions as internal when the outcomes are positive and external when the results are negative
Fundamental attribution error
People are more likely to overestimate the role of dispositional attributes and to underestimate the role of the situation
Interpersonal attraction
The tendency to positively evaluate a person and then to gravitate toward that person
Conformity
The modification of behavior to make it agree with that of a Groupon
Compliance
The propensity to accede to the requests of others, even at the expense of your own interests
Reciprocity
Creating the appearance that you are giving someone something in order to induce that individual to comply with your wishes
Foot-in-the-door phenomena
Making requests in small steps at first in order to work up to big requests
Door-in-the-face phenomenon
A large request is made first, making subsequent smaller requests more appearing
Inoculation hyoptheis
People have been exposed to a weak version of an argument and are, therefore, inoculated to further attempts to get them to comply
Cognitive dissonance
Attitudes and behaviors contradict each other
Central route
People are persuaded by the content of the arugment
Peripheral route
People focus on superficial or secondary characteristics of the speech or the orator
Bystander effect
Each people assumes that someone else will (or should) help or call the police
Equity theory
Workers evaluate their efforts versus their rewards
Hawthorne effect
Workers being monitored for any reason work more efficiently and productively
