Clinical Psychology: Treatment

Question 1

Free association

Answer 1

The patient reports any and all conscious thoughts and ideas

Question 2

Transference

Answer 2

When the patient shifts thoughts and feelings about certain people or events onto the therapist

Question 3

Countertransference

Answer 3

If the therapist transfers his or her own feelings onto the patient

Question 4

Client-centered therapy

Answer 4

Involves the assumption that clients can be understood only in terms of their own realities

Question 5

Accurate empathic understanding

Answer 5

The therapist’s ability to view the world from the eyes of the client

Question 6

Gestalt theory

Answer 6

Clients may be asked to physically “act out” psychological conflicts in order to make them aware of the interactions between the mind and body

Question 7

Behavioral therapy

Answer 7

A short term process treating symptoms of the behavior (there is not need underlying cause of the problem)

Question 8

Counterconditioning

Answer 8

A response to a given stimulus is replaced by a different response

Question 9

Flooding

Answer 9

Exposing a client to the stimulus that causes the undesirable response

Question 10

Implosion

Answer 10

The client imagines the disruptive stimuli rather than actually confronting them

Question 11

Rational-emotive behavior therapy

Answer 11

Change manipulative thoughts and emotional responses by confronting the irrational thought directly

Question 12

Arbitrary inference

Answer 12

A person draws conclusions without evidence

Question 13

Dichotomous thinking

Answer 13

All-or-none conceptions of situations

Question 14

Antipsychotics

Answer 14

Reduces the symptoms of schizophrenia by blocking the neural receptors for dopamine

Question 15

Antidepressants

Answer 15

Block monoamine oxidase, which is responsible for the breakdown of many neurotransmitters

Question 16

Selective reputake inhibitors

Answer 16

Increase the amount of neurotransmitter at the synaptic cleft by blocking the reuptake mechanism of the cell that released the neurotransmitters

Question 17

Anxiolytics

Answer 17

Depress the central nervous system and reduce anxiety while increasing feelings of well-being and insomnia

Question 18

Benzodiazepines

Answer 18

Cause muscle relaxation and a feeling of tranquility

Question 19

Social psychology

Answer 19

The study of psychology within the context of social or interpersonal interactions

Question 20

Intersectionality

Answer 20

Individuals hold multiple social identities

Question 21

Ethnocentrism

Answer 21

Holding the values or beliefs of one’s own in-group as better than those of another’s

Question 22

Cultural relativism

Answer 22

The idea that beliefs and values of one’s in-group may be different than those of another, but that they are not necessarily better or worse: just different

Question 23

Assimilation

Answer 23

A process of taking on another’s culture in order to fit in to a new society

Question 24

Social facilitation

Answer 24

An increase in performance on a task that occurs when that task is performed in the presence of others

Question 25

Social inhibition

Answer 25

When the presence of others make performance worse

Question 26

Social loafing

Answer 26

The reduced effort group members put in a shared task as a result of the size of the group

Question 27

Group polarization

Answer 27

The exaggeration of our initial attitudes

Question 28

Attribution

Answer 28

The way in which people assign responsibility for certain outcomes

Question 29

Dispositional attribution

Answer 29

The cause of a behavior or outcome is internal

Question 30

Situational attribution

Answer 30

Assigns the cause to the environment or external conditions

Question 31

Self-serving bias

Answer 31

Sees the cause of actions as internal when the outcomes are positive and external when the results are negative

Question 32

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 32

People are more likely to overestimate the role of dispositional attributes and to underestimate the role of the situation

Question 33

Interpersonal attraction

Answer 33

The tendency to positively evaluate a person and then to gravitate toward that person

Question 34

Conformity

Answer 34

The modification of behavior to make it agree with that of a Groupon

Question 35

Compliance

Answer 35

The propensity to accede to the requests of others, even at the expense of your own interests

Question 36

Reciprocity

Answer 36

Creating the appearance that you are giving someone something in order to induce that individual to comply with your wishes

Question 37

Foot-in-the-door phenomena

Answer 37

Making requests in small steps at first in order to work up to big requests

Question 38

Door-in-the-face phenomenon

Answer 38

A large request is made first, making subsequent smaller requests more appearing

Question 39

Inoculation hyoptheis

Answer 39

People have been exposed to a weak version of an argument and are, therefore, inoculated to further attempts to get them to comply

Question 40

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 40

Attitudes and behaviors contradict each other

Question 41

Central route

Answer 41

People are persuaded by the content of the arugment

Question 42

Peripheral route

Answer 42

People focus on superficial or secondary characteristics of the speech or the orator

Question 43

Bystander effect

Answer 43

Each people assumes that someone else will (or should) help or call the police

Question 44

Equity theory

Answer 44

Workers evaluate their efforts versus their rewards

Question 45

Hawthorne effect

Answer 45

Workers being monitored for any reason work more efficiently and productively