Motivation and arousal

Question 1

Describe intrinsic motivation

Answer 1

The internal drive to participate, such as performing for personal satisfaction

Question 2

Describe extrinsic motivation

Answer 2

The external drive to participate, such as performing for external rewards

Question 3

Give 3 positives of intrinsic motivation

Answer 3

May be more valuable
More likely to encourage long term participation
More self-sufficient

Question 4

Give 2 positives of extrinsic motivation

Answer 4

Improves confidence
Good for beginners to get them into the sport to begin with

Question 5

Give 3 negatives of extrinsic motivation

Answer 5

May not lead to long term participation
If removed, motivation could decline and cause drop out
May be demotivating if you don’t achieve the reward

Question 6

Give 2 negatives of intrinsic motivation

Answer 6

Fun and enjoyment may disappear over time and lead to drop out
Cognitive learners may find learning skills difficult and not enjoyable and therefore rely on other motives

Question 7

Define arousal

Answer 7

A degree of psychological readiness and drive to achieve

Question 8

Describe the drive theory of arousal

Answer 8

As arousal increases, performance increases
As arousal increases, emission of the dominant response increases
Experts dominant response will be skillful

Question 9

Describe the inverted u-theory of arousal

Answer 9

At under-arousal, performance is poor. As arousal increases, quality of performance begins to increase
At optimal arousal levels, performance is at its peak. Further increases to arousal will cause quality of performance to deteriorate
At over-arousal, performance is again poor.
Optimal arousal levels may differ depending on the type of skill, personality or experience

Question 10

Describe the catastrophe theory of arousal

Answer 10

As arousal increases, so does performance up to an optimum point
If somatic and cognitive anxiety are too high, performance has a sudden decrease as a catastrophe
If cognitive anxiety can be reduced, performance can recover and improve
If anxiety continues, performance continues to decrease

Question 11

Give 3 strengths of the Drive theory of arousal

Answer 11

Simple to understand
Reliable with the link to dominant response
For experts and extroverts, its an accurate representation

Question 12

Give 3 strengths of the Inverted U theory of arousal

Answer 12

True that there is an optimum point of arousal
It is simple to understand
Optimal point can shift left or right depending on skill, personality etc.

Question 13

Give 3 strengths of the catastrophe theory of arousal

Answer 13

Explains why some people ‘go to pieces’ in big events
Sudden decrease is more likely to occur than even distribution
Accounts for both cognitive and somatic arousal

Question 14

Give 3 weaknesses of the Drive theory of arousal

Answer 14

Quality of performance does not always increase as arousal increases
Doesn’t take in to account individual differences
Doesn’t explain decline in performance at high arousal

Question 15

Give 3 weaknesses of the catastrophe theory of arousal

Answer 15

Catastrophes only happen at extreme levels so often we do not se this occur
Optimum arousal may not be at a midpoint

Question 16

Give 3 weaknesses of the Inverted U theory of arousal

Answer 16

Still too simple
Doesn’t account for different types of arousal
Could be said that the distribution is too even