definitions Flashcards
Simple skill
Skills that don’t require many decisions to be made due to a low perceptual load. They are technically easy to perform
Complex skill
Skills that require lots of decisions to be made due to a high perceptual load. They are technically difficult to perform
Open skill
When the environment is constantly changing and affects the skill, requiring the performer to adjust
Closed skill
When the environment is fixed and does not affect the skill. Movement patterns do not change
Self-paced skill
When the performer has control over the speed and timing of the skill, such as when to start performing the skill
Externally paced skill
When the environment or opponent has control over the speed and timing of the skill, such as when to start performing the skill
Gross skill
Skills that require large muscle movements, usually those that require less precision and accuracy
Fine skill
Skills that require small muscle movements, usually those that require more precision and accuracy
Discrete skill
The skill has a clear beginning and end
Serial skill
The skill is made up of discrete elements that are put together in an order to create a movement, usually 2 or more skills put together
Continuous skill
The skill does not have a clear beginning and end
Low organisation skill
Skills where subroutines are easily separated, making it easy to break down
High organisation skill
Skills where subroutines are closely linked together, making it hard to break down
Part practice
Practicing by splitting a skill into sub-routines
Whole practice
Practicing by completing the skill in its entirety
Whole-part-whole practice
Practicing the skill in its entirety, then breaking it down into sub-routines and focusing on a section, then practicing the skill in its entirety again
Progressive part practice
Practicing a skill in stages by linking and chaining subroutines together
Massed practice
Practicing a skill repeatedly without a break/rest
Distributed practice
Practicing a skill repeatedly but incorporating breaks/rest periods
Fixed practice
Practicing in a stable environment where the conditions remain unchanged
Varied practice
Practicing in a changing environment where the conditions change
Positive transfer
When the learning of one skill helps the learning of another skill
Negative transfer
When the learning of one skill hinders the learning of another skill
Proactive transfer
When the learning of a previous skill affects the learning of a new skill
Retroactive transfer
When the learning of a new skill affects a previously learnt skill
Bilateral transfer
When transferring the skill from one limb to the other limb e.g. from right side to left side
Intrinsic feedback
Comes from internally from the performer
Extrinsic feedback
Comes from an external source such as, a coach
Positive feedback
Gives information about a successful outcome or technique
Negative feedback
Gives information about an unsuccessful outcome or technique
Knowledge of performance
Information about how well the movement or technique was executed
Knowledge of results
Information about the outcome
Personality
Characteristics and traits that influence behaviour and make a person unique
Attitude
Intrinsic motivation
Performing for personal satisfaction
Extrinsic motivation
Performing for external rewards
Arousal
A degree of psychological readiness and drive to achieve
Anxiety
Negative emotional state associated with stress, leading to feelings of worry
Aggression
An act showing the intention to harm outside the laws of the game
Social facilitation
An increase in performance due to the presence of a crowd
Social inhibition
A decrease in performance due to the presence of a crowd
Group
A collection of people who interact by having a common goal
Sports confidence
The belief an individual has about their ability to be successful in sport
Self-Efficacy
The belief an individual has about their ability to be successful in a specific sporting situation
Trait sports confidence
Innate level of self-belief an individual has in sport
State sports confidence
Learned level of self-belief in a specific sporting situation
Learned helplessness
An individual’s belief that failure is inevitable
Mastery orientation
An individual’s feeling of being in control of the outcome
Stress
Perception of an inability to cope with demands
