Anxiety and aggression Flashcards
Define anxiety
Negative emotional state associated with stress, leading to feelings of worry
Describe trait anxiety
Anxiety that is innate
Anxiety that is stable and continuous
Describe state anxiety
Anxiety arising from a particular situation
Anxiety is unstable. Could be through fear of injury, fear of losing, embarrassment
Give an example of a response to cognitive anxiety
Negative thoughts
Give an example of a response to somatic anxiety
Increased heart rate, sweating, increased blood pressure
What is the zone of optimal functioning
When the performer is at optimal arousal and anxiety levels
When the performer is performing at their best
What would performance look like for those in the zone of optimal functioning
Performance is effortless
Performance is confident
Performer is concentrated and blocking out distractions
Give examples of how performers can achieve the zone of optimal functioning
Cognitive techniques like positive self-talk
Somatic techniques likes breathing control
Practice so skills are correct and the dominant response is correct
Define the term aggression in sport
An act showing the intention to harm outside the laws of the game
Describe instinct theory of aggression
- Innate human instinct to be aggressive
- Animalistic
Describe social learning theory of aggression
- Watching and copying aggression
- More likely to be learnt from role models or significant others
- Can be learnt when aggression is positively reinforced
Describe frustration-aggression hypothesis
- Frustration develops when goal-directed behaviour is blocked
- Frustration always leads to aggression
- If the individual successfully releases the aggression, Catharsis occurs (feels good)
- If not successfully released or punished for it, this leads to more frustration and then more aggression
Describe aggressive cue hypothesis
- Aggression that is caused by cues in the environment
- Sport contains objects/weapons that cause aggression
- In some sports, aggression is in the nature of the event
Give a positive of the Instinct theory
Evidence to suggest that it is natural human instinct to be aggressive
Some people are always aggressive, suggesting aggression is innate
Give a positive of the social learning theory of aggression
Evidence to suggest that aggressive tendencies are learned by watching significant others
Simple to understand
Give a positive of the Frustration aggression hypothesis
Evident in sport to see when goals are blocked, frustration occurs
You do get a sense of catharsis when frustration is released
Clearly explains that there is an evident link between frustration and aggression
Give a positive of the aggressive cue theory
True that aggression occurs in sports where aggression is part of the nature of the game
True that certain cues, such as, incorrect referring decisions causes aggression
Give a negative of the Instinct theory
Not all humans show aggressive behaviour
Aggression is often provoked
Aggression is shown by people at different times and situations
Give a negative of the social learning theory of aggression
People can be aggressive without ever seeing aggression
People with similar role model don’t always show the same aggression
Some will realise aggression is wrong and won’t copy behaviour
Give a negative of the Frustration-aggression hypothesis
Frustration does not always lead to aggression
Aggression can occur without any frustration being present
Unpunished aggression does not always lead to catharsis
Give a negative of the aggressive cue theory
Certain cues, such as hockey sticks, do not cause everyone to act aggressive
Does not account for innate characteristics
