motivation Flashcards
what is motivation?
the direction and intensity of ones effort.
the why of behaviour
direction meaning?
whether an individual seeks out certain situations
intensity meaning?
how much effort an individual puts forth in a given situation.
trait centred view meaning?
motivation primarily determined by individual characteristics (e.g. personality)
situation centred view meaning?
motivation mostly driven by the environment
interactional view meaning?
motivation is determined by the interaction between individual characteristics and the environment
intrinsic motivation meaning?
engagement in behaviour for enjoyment, pleasure and to feel competent
intrinsic motivation example
i do it because i love it
extrinsic motivation meaning?
engagement in behaviour to achieve or obtain some separable outcome
extrinsic motivation example
i do it for money
amotivation meaning?
a lack of intention to perform the behaviour
amotivation example
i don’t know why i do it
4 types of extrinsic motivation?
external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, integrated regulation
External regulation meaning?
Behaviour controlled by external means such as rewards or punishments
Introjected regulation meaning?
engagement in behaviour for external approval or to avoid external sources of disapproval
Identified regulation meaning?
Engagement in behaviour for personally held values or benefits from the activity
Integrated regulation meaning?
Engagement in behaviour to help reaffirm behaviour as integral to self-identity
Social factors that affect intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
- success or failure
- competition focus
- coach behaviours
psychological factors affecting intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
- autonomy
- competence
- relatedness
Autonomy meaning?
Taking responsibility for your own behaviour, making own decisions
Competence meaning?
How good you are, your skills, ability to express skills
Relatedness meaning?
Feeling connected to other people, feeling included
What is the self-determination theory?
Broad framework for the study of human motivation and personality. Used to explain/predict motivation in a wide range of domains
What are the 3 basic needs in the SDT to increase motivation?
Competence, autonomy, relatedness
What happens if autonomy motivation is increased?
increased persistence, positive affect/emotions, psychological wellbeing, physical activity, decreased burnout
What is the cognitive evaluation theory?
Explains the effects of external rewards on internal motivation. Considers competence and autonomy in fostering intrinsic motivation
Achievement motivation is our effort to?
Master a task, achieve excellence, overcome obstacles, perform better than others, take pride in exercise talent.
What is the achievement goal theory?
theory into goals (reasons, motives etc) that direct achievement related behaviour
What are the achievement goals?
short term, long term, outcome goals, process goals, performance goals
What are outcome goals?
outcome of competition (winning a match). Is a outcome orientated goal
What are process goals?
setting goals and targets for how you meet that outcome (I will train for an hour). Is a task orientated goal
What are performance goals?
setting yourself a target for their own performance (I will score 2 goals). Is a task orientated goal
What does perceived ability mean?
How you view your ability of skills
What are task orientated goals?
Competence evaluated in terms of mastery, improvement or learning (self referenced criteria). Set process or performance goals.
What are ego orientated goals?
Competence evaluated in terms of demonstrating ability and superiority in relation to other (other referenced criteria). Set outcome goals
What does task orientation link with?
increased engagement, persistence, effort, motor skills, enjoyment, physical activity, decreased burnout. More likely to take risks, select difficult tasks
What does ego orientation link with?
decreased perception of competence, effort, performance. More likely to select activities with higher guarantee of success or easier opponents.
What are social goal orientations?
May affect achievement behaviour. Judgement of competence based on affiliation with group and recognition of being liked by others.
What is avoidance?
Avoidance of being a failure do the bare minimum, motivated to not fail
What is approach?
Want to succeed and do everything they can do to the best
Developing achievement motivation stages?
Autonomous competence stage - age 1-4
Social comparison stage - kids comparing themselves to others as a competition (primary school) can use this stage as a motivator for little kids
integrated stage - adulthood, where you recognise there are multiple ways to motivate someone.
