"Most commons" + surprise Flashcards
Most common genetic cause of MR
Down’s syndrome
2nd most common genetic cause of MR
Fragile-X syndrome
Most common cancer of the children
ALL
Most common lysosomal storage d/o
Gaucher disease
Most common germ cell tumor of the testis
Seminoma
Most common malignant germ cell tumor of the testis in infancy and early childhood
Endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor
Most common systemic vasculitides
Temporal arteritis
Most common acquired heart disease
Kawasaki disease
Most common cause of upper GUT hematuria
Renal stones
Most common cause of lower GUT hematuria
UTI
Most common non-infx lower GUT hematuria
Urothelial CA
Most common microscopic hematuria in adult males
BPH
Parameters involved in Acute Renal Failure 2ndary to renal cause
Urine Osm 20
FeNa >2%
BUN/ Crea ratio
CRF stage polyuria GFR =50% Asymptomatic Normal BUN, Crea
I: Diminished renal reserve
CRF stage
Polyuria
GFR =20-50%
(+) azotemia, HPN, anemia
II: Renal insufficiency
CRF stage
Oliguria
(+) uremia, edema, metab acidosis, hypoCa
III: Renal failure
CRF stage
oliguria/anuria
GFR
ESRD
Congenital abN presenting w/ renal agenesis, club foot, and pulmo hypoplasia
Renal agenesis
Congenital renal anomaly assoc w/ Turner syndrome
Horseshoe kidney
Enlarged irreg kidneys w/ islands of undifferentiated mesenchyme; can be unilat or bilat
Cystic renal dysplasia
Bilateral
Mutation in PKD (polycystin)
Assoc w/ extrarenal anomalies like berry aneurysm, HPN, MVP, cyst in liver, spleen, pancreas, lungs
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney dse
Bilat mostly Mutation on Chr 6 (PKHD1-> fibrocystin) (+) Spokes on wheel pattern Smooth outside, spongy inside Causes potter facies
Autosomal recessive PKD
Multiple cystic dilation of CD in the medulla
Asymptomatic
Medullary sponge kidneys
Cysts on the corticomedullary jx
progress to CRF in 5-10 yrs
Nephronophthisis- medullary cystic disease complex
Most common renal cyst; cortical
Simple cyst
Presents with cortical and medullary cysts
Dialysis-related
Complication: renal cell CA
Acquired cystic dse
LM: hypercellularity
IF: granular deposits
EM: Subepithelial humps
PSGN
LM: Crescent formation
IF: Linear deposits
EM: GBM disruption
RPGN
LM: Capillary wall thickening
IF: Granular IgG and C3
EM: Spike and dome
Membranous Glomerulopathy
EM: Effacement of foot processes
Minimal change disease
LM: Tram track
IF: Granular
EM: Type I - subendothelial deposit
Type II - intramembranous deposit
MPGN
LM: Focal sclerosis and hyalinosis
IF: Focal deposits of IgM, C3
EM: Loss of foot processes, epith denudation
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
LM: Mesangial widening and proliferation
IF: Mesangial deposits
EM: Mesangial deposits
IgA nephropathy
Most common cause of nephritic syndrome in children
PSGN
Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children
Minimal change disease
Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults
FSGS
Most common GN overall
IgA nephropathy
Most common cause of ARF
Acute tubular necrosis
Most common cause of Chronic renal failure
Diabetes mellitus
