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Life Span Development > Moral Development > Flashcards

Moral Development Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 things that make up someone’s ideology? Their…

A

Morality
Faith
Politics

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2
Q

What basic learning processes is moral behaviour connected to?

A

Imitation
Reinforcement
Punishment

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3
Q

Reinforcement and punishment of moral behaviour must be both?

A

consistent

contingent on behaviour

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4
Q

What 2 aspects make someone an effective role model?

A

Their characteristics

The cognitive skills

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5
Q

When are children most likely to act immorally? (2)

A

Pressured by peers

Unlikely to be caught

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6
Q

What are the 2 aspects to moral development that Mischel and Mischel propose?

A

Competencies

Performance

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7
Q

What is moral competency?

A

What someone is capable of doing? (Skills, awareness and cognitive ability)

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8
Q

What is moral performance determined by?

A

Motivation

Rewards

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9
Q

What term did Bandura use when describing the process of adopting standards of right and wrong as guides for conduct?

A

Self-regulation

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10
Q

What is involved in self-regulation? (3)

A

Monitoring own conduct
Judging own conduct
Regulating own actions by consequences

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11
Q

What is central to the process of self-regulation?

A

Self-control

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12
Q

What experiment was used to test self-control and the ability to resist temptation?

A

Mischel’s Marshmallow experiment

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13
Q

What did the Marshmallow experiment show?

A

That age is related to self-control

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14
Q

Which of Freud’s branches of personality is responsible for moral decisions?

A

Superego

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15
Q

What two components of the superego help to make moral decisions?

A

ego-ideal- rewards things approved by parents

conscience- punishes things disapproved by parents

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16
Q

WHat 5 behaviours demonstrate the existence of an internalized conscience?

A 
resisting temptation
guilt
knowing rules
confession
reparation
17
Q

More guilt is shown by? (2)

A

girls

fearful temperament children

18
Q

What are the 2 stages of moral development?

A

Heteronomous

Autonomous

19
Q

What is Heteronomous morality?

A

Wrong = what an authority figure disapproves of

20
Q

What is Autonomous morality?

A

Wrong = wring intentions

21
Q

The 3 premises that underlie Kohlberg’s theory are?

A

Reasoning
Stage-like
Social justice

22
Q

What are the 3 levels and 6 stages of Kohlberg’s moral development?

A 
Pre-conventional (Individual)
1 Obedience (avoid punishment)
2 Considering Intentions (self-interest)

Conventional (Society)
3 Conformity (Good girl)
4 Social accord (Laws/ rules)

Post Conventional
5 Social contract
6 Universal principles

23
Q

What were Gilligan’s 2 parallels paths of moral development?

A

Justice

Care

24
Q

What were Gilligan’s 3 stages of moral development?

A

Survival (Own needs)
Goodness (Self sacrifice)
Truth (non violence)

25
Q

What was 1 of the limitations of Gilligan’s theory?

A

Biased sample- could be due to existing social inequities

26
Q

What are the 4 principles of distributive justice?

A

need
equality
equity
winner takes all

27
Q

How is the distributive principle of need used?

A

Adults with distributing rewards in family

Children (+7)

28
Q

How is the distributive principle of equality used?

A

Adults in friendships or teams

Young female children

29
Q

What is the equity rule?

A

Each has as much as they have contributed

30
Q

How is the distributive principle of equity used?

A

Adults in impersonal business dealings

Children in concrete operational thinking

31
Q

When is the distributive principle of winner takes all important for?

A

Games

Sporting competitions

32
Q

What does the decline of religiosity suggest?

A

Incline in individualism

Decline in pressure from parents

33
Q

When does religiosity increase?

A

Late 60s-70s (greater for women)

34
Q

What does religiosity positively correlate to?

A

more prosocial
more self-esteem
more optimism
more life satisfaction

35
Q

What does religiosity negatively correlate to?

A

more suicide
more substance abuse
more sexual involvement
more delinquent

36
Q

How does religiosity help in old age?

A

Deal with death
Give meaning to life
accept losses
offers social support

Life Span Development (10 decks)

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