Gender & Sexuality

Question 1

Erikson’s identity vs role confusion crisis is associated with which 3 domains?

Answer 1

Occupation
Ideology
Relationships

Question 2

Resolution of relationships includes making decisions about? (2)

Answer 2

Gender role

sexual orientation

Question 3

The two stages of Erikson associated with adulthood are?

Answer 3

Intimacy vs Isolation

Generativity vs Stagnation

Question 4

What are gender stereotypes?

Answer 4

Fixed, oversimplified and distorted ideas about women and men

Question 5

There is an assumption that gender must be consistent with?

Answer 5

Biological sex

Question 6

What is gender typing?

Answer 6

The development of a gender identity that is consistent with sex

Question 7

When do children acquire an awareness of gender (dress/occupation stereotypes)?

Answer 7

2-3

Question 8

What are the 2 biological perspectives that aim to account for the very young awareness of gender stereotypes?

Answer 8

evolutionary theory

prenatal brain differentiation

Question 9

What are the 4 psychological perspectives that aim to account for the very young awareness of gender stereotypes?

Answer 9

psychodynamic
social learning
cognitive development
gender schema

Question 10

Evolutionary theory accounts for the awareness of gender stereotypes because of?

Answer 10

the benefit that these roles have given to surviving in the past

Question 11

Prenatal Brain Specialisation theory accounts for the awareness of gender stereotypes because of?

Answer 11

gender related structural differences in the hypothalamus / gentials that lead to biological differences

Question 12

Boys are more defective and aggressive but girls are more?

Answer 12

Moody

Question 13

Boys are more mathematical, visual-spatial and mechanical but girls have more cognitive ability in?

Answer 13

Verbal tasks and non-verbal sensitivity

Question 14

The money protocol was used on children with?

Answer 14

Sex development disorders

Question 15

The money protocol used the technique of?

Answer 15

Social Learning to influence gender choice

Question 16

What complex does Freud use to explain gender identification?

Answer 16

Oepidus / Elektra

Question 17

Social Learning Theories explain gender typed behaviours as a result of?

Answer 17

Observational learning (models- rewrads & punishments)
Identification
Socialisation (toy choices, school, media)

Question 18

Kohlberg suggested that children developed _______ about gender.

Answer 18

Schemas

Question 19

What are the 3 stages in the process of gender typing according to the cognitive theories?

Answer 19

Gender identity
Gender Stability
Gender Constancy

Question 20

Gender identity is?

Answer 20

Identifying as a male or female?

Question 21

Gender stability is?

Answer 21

The recognition that individuals retain their sex for their lifetime

Question 22

Gender constancy is?

Answer 22

The recognition that sex is constant even if dress is altered.

Question 23

The gender schema theory suggests that children begin to judge themselves in accordance with _____ considered ______ for their gender.

Answer 23

traits

appropriate

Question 24

Bem suggested that children develop a gender schema as a way of?

Answer 24

Organising their world

Question 25

What is gender intensification?

Answer 25

When in adolescence socialisation through gender roles becomes more intense - puberty assentuates the distinction between sexes

Question 26

Gender intensification when parents treat children in gender stereotypes more because of pubertal development occurs more in families that are more?

Answer 26

traditional

Question 27

During adolescence, females become more (than males)?

Answer 27

Anxious self conscience intimate friends

Question 28

During adolescence, males take more (than females)?

Answer 28

risks

Question 29

As men aged they adopted more feminine traits but women...

Answer 29

did not adopt more masculine traits

Question 30

What does asexual mean?

Answer 30

A lack of desire for any sex

Question 31

What does pansexual mean?

Answer 31

A desire for individuals regardless of sex or gender

Question 32

What percentage of mean and women reported have at least one sexual encounter with a same sex individual?

Answer 32

4%

Question 33

WHat are 3 issues faced by adolescents identifying as homosexual?

Answer 33

Lower academic performance substance abuse suicide

Question 34

What are the similarities between same sex and other sex relationships?

Answer 34

Attachment security = relationship quality Arguments about the same issues (partners, non-responsiveness, sex) Quality is higher if from similar backgrounds/ equally committed

Question 35

What are the differences between same sex and other sex relationships?

Answer 35

More social support from partner in same sex couples More egalitarian in same sex couples Expectations of fidelity not as essential in same sex couples

Question 36

Why do courts grant same sex parents children less than other sex couples?

Answer 36

fear they make the children gay also | lesbians are emotionally unstable

Question 37

What problems do same sex parents encounter that heterosexual parents do not?

Answer 37

Joint custody (marriage not recognised) No parental leave Discrimination

Question 38

Survey results indicate that in emerging adulthood, males have...

Answer 38

More casual sex partners

Question 39

Survey results indicate that in emerging adulthood, females are...

Answer 39

More selective about sex partners

Question 40

In Later adulthood living with a spouse or partner is the _____ _______ of engagement in sexual intercourse, especially for women over 40 years.

Answer 40

strongest predictor