Gender & Sexuality Flashcards
Erikson’s identity vs role confusion crisis is associated with which 3 domains?
Occupation
Ideology
Relationships
Resolution of relationships includes making decisions about? (2)
Gender role
sexual orientation
The two stages of Erikson associated with adulthood are?
Intimacy vs Isolation
Generativity vs Stagnation
What are gender stereotypes?
Fixed, oversimplified and distorted ideas about women and men
There is an assumption that gender must be consistent with?
Biological sex
What is gender typing?
The development of a gender identity that is consistent with sex
When do children acquire an awareness of gender (dress/occupation stereotypes)?
2-3
What are the 2 biological perspectives that aim to account for the very young awareness of gender stereotypes?
evolutionary theory
prenatal brain differentiation
What are the 4 psychological perspectives that aim to account for the very young awareness of gender stereotypes?
psychodynamic
social learning
cognitive development
gender schema
Evolutionary theory accounts for the awareness of gender stereotypes because of?
the benefit that these roles have given to surviving in the past
Prenatal Brain Specialisation theory accounts for the awareness of gender stereotypes because of?
gender related structural differences in the hypothalamus / gentials that lead to biological differences
Boys are more defective and aggressive but girls are more?
Moody
Boys are more mathematical, visual-spatial and mechanical but girls have more cognitive ability in?
Verbal tasks and non-verbal sensitivity
The money protocol was used on children with?
Sex development disorders
The money protocol used the technique of?
Social Learning to influence gender choice
What complex does Freud use to explain gender identification?
Oepidus / Elektra
Social Learning Theories explain gender typed behaviours as a result of?
Observational learning (models- rewrads & punishments)
Identification
Socialisation (toy choices, school, media)
Kohlberg suggested that children developed _______ about gender.
Schemas
What are the 3 stages in the process of gender typing according to the cognitive theories?
Gender identity
Gender Stability
Gender Constancy
Gender identity is?
Identifying as a male or female?
Gender stability is?
The recognition that individuals retain their sex for their lifetime
Gender constancy is?
The recognition that sex is constant even if dress is altered.
The gender schema theory suggests that children begin to judge themselves in accordance with _____ considered ______ for their gender.
traits
appropriate
Bem suggested that children develop a gender schema as a way of?
Organising their world
What is gender intensification?
When in adolescence socialisation through gender roles becomes more intense - puberty assentuates the distinction between sexes
Gender intensification when parents treat children in gender stereotypes more because of pubertal development occurs more in families that are more?
traditional
During adolescence, females become more (than males)?
Anxious
self conscience
intimate friends
During adolescence, males take more (than females)?
risks
As men aged they adopted more feminine traits but women…
did not adopt more masculine traits
What does asexual mean?
A lack of desire for any sex
What does pansexual mean?
A desire for individuals regardless of sex or gender
What percentage of mean and women reported have at least one sexual encounter with a same sex individual?
4%
WHat are 3 issues faced by adolescents identifying as homosexual?
Lower academic performance
substance abuse
suicide
What are the similarities between same sex and other sex relationships?
Attachment security = relationship quality
Arguments about the same issues (partners, non-responsiveness, sex)
Quality is higher if from similar backgrounds/ equally committed
What are the differences between same sex and other sex relationships?
More social support from partner in same sex couples
More egalitarian in same sex couples
Expectations of fidelity not as essential in same sex couples
Why do courts grant same sex parents children less than other sex couples?
fear they make the children gay also
lesbians are emotionally unstable
What problems do same sex parents encounter that heterosexual parents do not?
Joint custody (marriage not recognised)
No parental leave
Discrimination
Survey results indicate that in emerging adulthood, males have…
More casual sex partners
Survey results indicate that in emerging adulthood, females are…
More selective about sex partners
In Later adulthood living with a spouse or partner is the _____ _______ of engagement in sexual intercourse, especially for women
over 40 years.
strongest predictor
