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Life Span Development > Death, Dying, Bereavement & Grieving > Flashcards

Death, Dying, Bereavement & Grieving Flashcards

1
Q

Baltes suggests that old age can be defined by 5 criteria which are?

A 
Sociological/familial (retirement) 
Biological (frailty/ disability) 
Longevity/ Demographic (final decade before natural death)
Cognitive (Decline)
Institutional (nursing home)
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2
Q

Four decades of later life are?

A

Young-old adults: 60-69
Third age adults: 70-79
Fourth age: 75-85
Old-Old: Physical and mental problems

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3
Q

By 2050 people will live to the age of?

A

92/ 95 (men/women)

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4
Q

Ageism and negative stereotypes associated with ageing are as strong as they were?

A

50 years ago

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5
Q

Is ageism declining?

A

No

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6
Q

What are the best known visible signs of ageing in men?

A

balding
greying
wrinkling
dropping skin

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7
Q

Why do you get wrinkles?

A

skin looses elasticity and the muscle and fatty tissue disappear
skin dries out

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8
Q

ARTERIOSCLEROSIS IS?

A

A build up of plaque on the inside walls of arteries

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9
Q

What is the leading cause of death in Australia?

A

Heart disease and stroke (Arteriosclerosis)

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10
Q

What happens to your muscles as they age?

A

Increase in size and strength until 39

Loose elasticity

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11
Q

What is Lipofuscin?

A

age pigment- oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids

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12
Q

What is collagen?

A

Connective tissue in the skin, muscles and joints between bones

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13
Q

Collagen accounts for age related problems such as?

A

Pain and stiffness of joints
Slower healing of wounds
Loss of elasticity in the skin

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14
Q

What hormonal changes to women in their mid to late 50s experience?

A

Menopause/ decrease in oestrogen
Drying skin
Increase in hair
Appearance

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15
Q

What happens to the skeleton of the adult body each year?

A

10% rebuilds itself

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16
Q

The ageing of bones is due to?

A

The calcium being absorbed at a faster rate than it is replaced

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17
Q

What does the ageing of bones increase the likelihood of?

A

Fractures

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18
Q

The most common physical changes in old age are related to?

A

Vision and hearing

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19
Q

What are the most common physical changes?

A

hearing loss
less sensitive to light
increased farsightednes

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20
Q

Adults up to the age of 60 can still increase cognitively through?

A

comprehension
new information
new skills
reasoning and verbal memory

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21
Q

Some intellectual abilities decline in late adulthood including?

A

manipulation of ideas and symbols quickly
active thinking and reasoning
mental effort

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22
Q

With increasing age it becomes most difficult mentally to?

A

organise elements of a problem and manipulate more than 1 idea at once

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23
Q

What is the difference between episodic memory and semantic memory?

A

Short term and narrative memory

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24
Q

With increased age there is more tendency to recall _____ information as being ____.

A

false

true

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25
Q

Cognitive changes generally occur due to?

A

diseases
drugs
illnesses
un-stimulating life

26
Q

What cognitive processes are facilitated by age?

A

Dialectical thinking

Wisdom

27
Q

What tis dialectical thinking?

A

Knowledge is relative and not absolute - resolutions come from weighing up options

28
Q

What is Wisdom?

A

expertise in the fundamental pragmatics of life

rich knowledge

29
Q

What is SOC

A

Selective
Optimisation
Compensation

30
Q

What does Ryff consider to be the tenets of successful ageing?

A 
interested in others
accepts change 
continued growth 
enjoys life
sense of humour 
family experiences 
confident 
tolerant 
self-aware
31
Q

What are the 3 theories that account for social process of ageing?

A

disengagement theory
activity theory
socio-emotional selectivity theory

32
Q

The disengagement theory suggests that?

A

Individuals deliberately divorce themselves from others because of changes in thought patterns

33
Q

The disengagement theory os not supported because?

A

Small, narrow sample

Promotes discrimination

34
Q

What is the Activity theory?

A

Continued social commitment and involvement is vital to successful ageing

35
Q

What is the Socio-Emotional selectivity theory?

A

Learn to regulate emotions to enjoy the remaining time left - priority to deepening relationships and developing expertise

36
Q

U shaped curve of marital satisfaction suggests?

A

Kids decline it and then when they live satisfaction increases

37
Q

What is the ‘Onset of old age’?

A

an increased awareness that death is approaching

38
Q

What is the ‘terminal drop’?

A

Sudden decline in mental functioning before death

39
Q

Which of Erikson’s crises are associated with the end of life?

A

Ego-integrity vs despair

40
Q

What does the resolution of the crisis of integrity vs despair depend on?

A

cultural death system

41
Q

What did Kastenbaum suggest were the 5 components involved in the system of death?

A 
People 
Places/ context 
Times - funerals/ anniversaires 
Objects- coffins 
Symbols
42
Q

Life expectancy has increased from 47 years to?

A

78 years

43
Q

Where do the majority of people die these days?

A

Hospitals/ Institutions (80%)

44
Q

How does death affect infants?

A

Little awareness but adversely affects development if caregiver lost

45
Q

How is death perceived by children (3-5)?

A

Magical- can be brought back to life
Baddies and those who want to die do
Blame themselseves

46
Q

What moral construct can be used to explain children’s process of blaming themselves for someone else’s death?

A

The belief of immanent justice - they did something bad so are being punished

47
Q

How do children in middle childhood perceive death?

A

It exists but only to some

hypersensitive - fear of loosing others (if lost someone close to them)

48
Q

How do you support children when teaching about death?

A

sensitive/ sympathy
encourage expression of own feelings
share memories
be open

49
Q

In adolescence death is perceived as?

A

Abstract concept
Described metaphorically (dark/ transition)
Pinned to religious / philosophical views

50
Q

Adulthood perceives death as?

A

More realistic

Fear intensifies at middle age

51
Q

What are the 5 stages in the process of dying according to Kubler-Ross?

A 
Denial
Anger
Bargaining 
Depression 
Acceptance
52
Q

Why are stage models of death criticised?

A

Don’t account for sudden death
Don’t account for men suffering more than women
Don’t account for culture/ surrounding
Don’t account for personal coping (personality/ cognition)

53
Q

Six months after loss, individuals are more able to accept the loss as ________, are more ________ about the future, and more likely to ______ ________ in day to day life.

A

reality
optimistic
function competently

54
Q

WHat is prologued grief?

A

unresolved/ extended grief - numbness, detachment

55
Q

What is disenfranchised grief?

A

Grief for a socially ambiguous individual eg. ex-spouse, abortion, stigmatised death (HIV)

56
Q

Bereavement consists of 2 dimensions which are?

A

Loss of oriented stressors

Restoration of Oriented stressors

57
Q

What are loss oriented stressors?

A

Stressors that focus on the deceased

58
Q

What are restoration oriented stressors?

A

secondary stressors that come as indirect outcome of a loss (changing identity - widow)

59
Q

What are 4 factors affecting the bereavement process?

A

Nature of relationship
circumstances of death
social support
multiple stressors

60
Q

How does social support change the stress of death?

A

When reactions of other are also sad= support

Rituals help

61
Q

What are the 7 paradoxes associated with development?

A 
develomental vs non-developmental 
continuity vs discontinuity 
nature vs nurture 
activity vs passivity 
cognitive vs affective 
macroscopic vs microscopic 
general vs particular

Life Span Development (10 decks)

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