Mood disorders

Question 1

mood disorders

Answer 1

depressive disorders

bipolar disorders

Question 2

depressive disorders

Answer 2

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
MDD
persistant depressive disorder
substance/medication induced depressive disorder 
depressive disorder due to medical conditions
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
unspecified depressive disorder
other specified depressive disorder

Question 3

bipolar disorders

Answer 3

bipolar I
bipolar II
cyclothymic disorder
substance/medication induced bipolar 
other specified bipolar disorder
unspecified bipolar disorder

Question 4

course and episode specifiers for mood disorders

Answer 4

both: with anxious distress, with peripartum onset, with atypical features, with psychotic features, with mixed features, with melancholic features, with seasonal pattern, with catatonia
only bipolar: with rapid cycling - with 4+ in a year

Question 5

neural circuits in depression

Answer 5

frontal cortex and hippocampus: memory, worthlessness, hopelessness, guilt, suicidality
striatum and amygdala: anhedonia, anxiety, motivation
hypothalamus: insomnia, appetite, libido

Question 6

depression and neuroendocrine dysfunction

Answer 6

increased glucocorticoids from adrenal cortex to the hippocampus and PVN causing hippocampal atrophy
also disinhibition of HPA axis

Question 7

diagnosis of depression

Answer 7

5+ symptoms lasting for 2 weeks or more and are a change from previous function and with sad mood/anhedonia 
Sleep disruption
Interest is decreased
Guilt increased
Energy decreased
Concentration decreased 
Appetite disruption
Psychomotor activity
Suicidal ideation

Question 8

depression recurrence

Answer 8

with 1 episode = 50%
with 2 episodes = 66%
with 3 episodes = 90%

Question 9

bipolar genetics

Answer 9

some risk alleles and some protective alleles, depends on how many alleles and which are present

Question 10

mania

Answer 10

persistently elevated and expansive or irritable mood and persistently increased goal directed activity or energy lasting at least 1 week and present for most of the day every day (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary) and 3+ symptoms (if euphoric) or 4+ (if irritable) 
Distractibility 
Insomnia
Grandiosity 
Flighty ideas
Activity increased
Speech pressured
Thoughtlessness

Question 11

bipolar I

Answer 11

only manic episodes and back to baseline

Question 12

bipolar II

Answer 12

manic episodes followed by depressive episodes, usually spend a lot more time in depression than mania

Question 13

medical illnesses precipitating mood disorders

Answer 13

endocrine: cushings, hyper/hypothyroidism, steroids
infection: HIV, flu, meningitis, creutzfeld-jakob
CNS: stroke, tumor, MS, epilepsy
metabolic: hypercalcemia

Question 14

suicide

Answer 14

males more than female

females attempt more than males