ADHD

Question 1

what is ADHD

Answer 1

excessive inattention
hyperactivity
impulsivity
any combo of these

Question 2

specific learning disorders

Answer 2

only 3 exist
specific learning disorder of reading
specific learning disorder of writing
specific learning disorder of math

Question 3

neuropsycholigical deficits in ADHD

Answer 3

response inhibition (b/w two higher order decisions) 
delay aversion (don't like delayed gratification) 
executive functioning

Question 4

attention networks

Answer 4

alertness (thalamus, ant and post cortical)
orientation (parietal lobes, frontal eye fields)
executive control (ant. cingulate, thalamus, frontal lobe)
*in ADHD your brain prefers to focus on things that it finds interesting (back brain cant get you away from the interesting thing = hyperfocus)

Question 5

why a different prevalence of ADHD in men and women

Answer 5

some legit, but some b/c females tend to have inattentive symptoms and are less hyperactive so they are less annoying

Question 6

3 types of ADHD

Answer 6

inattentive type
hyperactive/impulsive type
combined type

Question 7

inattentive symptoms

Answer 7

careless mistakes
difficulty sustaining attention
often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
poor follow through
often avoids dislikes or is reluctant to do tasks that require sustained mental effort
forgetful in daily activities

Question 8

hyperactive/impulsive symptoms

Answer 8

fidgiting, difficulty sitting still
often unable to play or take part in leisure activities 
driven by a motor (high energy level) 
often talks excessively 
trouble waiting their turn

Question 9

criteria for diagnosis of ADHD

Answer 9

6+ symptoms in either or both categories, or if >17 y/o 5 symptoms
several must be present before 12y/o
several must be present in 2+ settings
symptoms must interfere with or reduce quality of social, school, or work functioning

Question 10

developmental risks with ADHD

Answer 10

increased risk of not graduating high school, getting a college degree or being a professional. Higher incidence of being incarcerated.
higher risk of developing antisocial personality disorder, non-alcohol drug abuse, and tobacco use

Question 11

comorbidities with ADHD

Answer 11

*need to treat by 7-17 to prevent
major depression, enuresis, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, anxiety, learning disabilities, relational problems

Question 12

development of depression and OCD with ADHD

Answer 12

ADHD is annoying to others
frequently get negative messages
develop a negative sense of self
anger and devaluation = defensive

Question 13

ADHD NNT

Answer 13

2

90% improve with appropriate treatment

Question 14

ADHD in adulthood

Answer 14

at least 65% continue to have ADHD in adulthood

hyperactivity tend to decrease but inattention, restlessness, and impulsivity remain

Question 15

most effective treatment for ADHD

Answer 15

stimulants