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English Literature > Mood Disorders > Flashcards

Mood Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are tricyclic antidepressants?

A

Prevent the reuptake of noradrenaline and serotonin, in order to increase their activity.

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2
Q

What are Monoanime oxidase inhibitors?

A

Stop the enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitters, this increases serotonin and noradrenalin.

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3
Q

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

A

Include Prozac, allow serotonin to remain active for longer in the synapse.

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4
Q

What is electro convulsive treatment?

A

Induced brain seizure by passing an electrical current through the brain. Treat people with severe depression.

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5
Q

Drug used for bipolar depression?

A

Lithium carbonate

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6
Q

What is lithium carbonate?

A

Used to control major mood swings in bipolar depression by normalising levels of neurotransmitters.

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7
Q

Evaluation of trycyclics?

A

Side effects: dry mouth, blurred vision, erectile dysfunction, toxic - suicide risk.

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8
Q

MAOI eval?

A

Loads of side effects
Toxic
Requires dietary restrictions

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9
Q

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors evaluation?

A

Side effects: nausea, diarrhoea
Not fatal in overdose
Ssris may give suicidal urges

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10
Q

Evaluation of carbon lithium?

A

Low dose: blurred vision, lack of co-ord.

High doses life threatening side effects.

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11
Q

Evaluation antidepressants:

A

Reduce depression however give undesirable side effects.
Patients stop using them because side effects worse.
Don’t deal with the stressful life events that may be the root of the problem.
Drug therapies often work with other treatments.
Do not relieve mania

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12
Q

What do Cognitive treatments for bipolar and unipolar challenge?

A

Negative schemas. Maladaptive and irrational thoughts.

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13
Q

What are the phases in Becks cognitive therapy?

A

Phase 1: confidence is increased
Phase 2: automatic negative thoughts are challenged
Phase 3: negative thoughts are identified
Phase 4: key attitudes and beliefs are changed

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14
Q

What is rational emotive therapy in the cognitive treatments of bipolar and unipolar?

A

Irrational thoughts are replaced with rational thoughts by challenging or arguing the negative belief.

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15
Q

Hollow study, supporting cognitive approach.

A

Gave people with moderate depression either drug or cognitive therapy.
Relapse for cognitive therapy 40%
Relapse for drug 45%
Placebo drug 80%
Cognitive therapy is as effective as drug therapy.

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16
Q

Evaluation of cognitive treatments:

A

Highly effective, relapse of 60-70% following 10-12 weeks.
Can be used 1-1 or small groups
Successful in preventing severe depression
Combination of drug and cognitive highly effective.
Doesn’t work for everyone as people need to be motivated.

17
Q

Biological explanations for schizo?

A

Genetics
Biochemicals
Abnormal brain structures

18
Q

How are genetics involved with schizo?

A

Genetic inheritance. Gottesman: cocordance for schizo. Dizygotic: 17% monozygotic 48%. Social parent 1 in 8.

19
Q

Biochemical explanation for schizo.

A

Dopamine hypothesis, claims that people with schizo have excess levels of dopamine in brain. Too much dopamine increases synaptic transmission.

20
Q

Evaluation of bio chemicals?

A

Drugs such as cockamamie can cause positive symptoms or exaggerate them in sufferers.
Unusually high levels in schizo brain after post mortem.
Antisychotic drugs reduce levels of dopamine and been found to reduce positive symptoms.

21
Q

Abnormal brain structures theory for schizo?

A

Enlarged verticals, strongly associated. Ventricles are areas in the brain which are filled with fluid. Enlarged vent rivals are associated with damage to other areas.

22
Q

Evaluation for biological schizo theories?

A

Twin studies do not show 100% concordance.
No single schizo gene, case that various genes are responsible.
Dopamine may be cause of the effect.
Other neurotransmitters have been associated with schizo, so dopamine hypothesis is too simplistic.
Diathesis stress model: some people have a genetic predisposing for the disorder that needs a trigger, better explanation as takes into account genetics and environment.

23
Q

Psychodynamic explanation for schizo?

A

Emerges because of the conflict between different parts of the personality. Ego overwhelmed by the id or superego. Ego regresses back to infancy.
Hallucinations occur because ego struggles to regain sense of reality.

24
Q

Evaluation of psychodynamic explanation?

A

Little evidence to support this.
Unfalsifiable can’t disprove theory as it occurs in unconscious.
Ignores meditational processes and the role of dopamine

25
Q

Sociocultural explanation of schizo?

A

Labelling

Family dysfunction

26
Q

What is labelling in the sociocultural approach?

A

When a person is labelled it influences behaviour, becoming a self fulfilling prophecy.

27
Q

Labelling in the socio cultural approach study?

A

Healthy students, complained about b.voices in head. Diagnosed as schizo, admitted to mental hospital. In hospital acted normally. Left with being diagnosed as schizo in remission. The label schizo meant that normal behaviour was seen as weird.

28
Q

Why does family dysfunction cause schizo?

A

Stress factors arise from relationships and communication with in a family.

29
Q

What three dysfunctional qualities do parents of schizo show?

A

Hugh interpersonal conflict
Communication difficulties
Communication difficulties
Critical and controlling personalities

30
Q

high levels of expressed emotion into family dysfunction findings?

A

Suggested that families with high levels of expressed emotion are more likely to cause a relapse.
Families where expressed emotion was high resulted in a 60% relapse, compared to low emotion which was 10.

31
Q

Evaluation of sociocultural explanations?

A

Study showed label effects other people’s treatment, this therefore shows a self fulfilling prophecy.
Schizo is very disruptive for family life so you cannot establish cause of family behaving this way or effect of the schixo.
Family dysfunction fits with the do diathesis stress model.
Treatments to reduce the amount of expressed emotion in family’s has been found to reduce relapse rates.

32
Q

5 subtypes of schizo.

A 
Paranoid
Disorganised
Catatonic
Undifferentiated 
Residual
33
Q

Paranoid schizo symptoms?

A

Alert and responsive.
Delusions of grandeur or percecution
Hallucinations

34
Q

Disorganised schizo symptoms?

A

Disorganised speech, thoughts and behaviour.
Speech difficult to understand.
Suffer from flat emotion effect

35
Q

Catatonic symptoms for schizo?

A

Severe motor abnormalities

Fixed or rigid positions

36
Q

Unipolar depression drugs?

A

Tricyclic antidepressant
Monoanime oxidase inhibitors
Selective serotonin re uptake inhibitors

English Literature (19 decks)

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