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Behavioral Health Nursing > Mood Disorders > Flashcards

Mood Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a mood disorder?

A

A disturbance in mood,

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2
Q

What is the internal manifestation of a mood disorder?

A

The actual mood.

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3
Q

What is the external manifestation of a mood disorder?

A

The affect.

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4
Q

What is the #1 public health problem?

A

Depression.

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5
Q

Why are women at a higher risk for mood disorders?

A

Hormones.

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6
Q

What is the average age of onset of depression?

A

Mid-30’s but decreasing.

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7
Q

What is the average age for manifesting bipolar disorder?

A

Mid to late 20’s

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8
Q

What is the risk of suicide if depression is left untreated?

A

25-30%.

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9
Q

What is the definition of major depression?

A

A state of intensely sad mood accompanied by other symptoms which exists nearly every day for at least two weeks.

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10
Q

What are symptoms of depression?

A

Anhedonia, sleep disturbance, weight gain/loss, lack of energy, unable to concentrate, nihilism, psychomotor retardation, suicidal thoughts.

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11
Q

What are risk factors of depression?

A

Past history of depression, Family history of depression, extreme stress, dysthymia

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12
Q

What is anhedonia?

A

Inability to experience pleasure physically, mentally, or sexually.

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13
Q

What is nihilism?

A

No motivation- “whats the use” attitude

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14
Q

What are some early warning signs of depression?

A

Abnormal sleep patterns, trouble concentrating, lack of pleasure, isolating self, slipping grades, irritability, spending time alone

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15
Q

What is hypersomnia?

A

Not able to sleep.

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16
Q

What are subtypes of depression?

A

Single episode, recurrent, psychotic features, atypical features, seasonal, post-partum

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17
Q

How is depression diagnosed?

A

Observing, self-report, Beck, Hamilton, Zung inventory, Dexamethasone Supression test

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18
Q

What is self-report?

A

When the patient reports their symptoms and says they are depressed.

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19
Q

What is a dexamethasone supression test?

A

A biological basis of adrenal gland over production that causes depression.

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20
Q

What are Beck inventory concepts?

A

Sadness, pessimism, sad feelings.

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21
Q

What are causative theories of depression?

A

Biological, genetic, psychoanalytic, cognitive, and behavioral.

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22
Q

What is the biological theory of depression?

A

Imbalance of serotoninand norepinephrine and the circadian rhythm is disruption.

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23
Q

What is the genetic theory of depression?

A

First degree relatives of individuals with major depression have twice the risk of developing it.

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24
Q

What is the psychoanalytic theory of depression?

A

Hostility turned inward because of a major loss.

25
Q

What is the cognitive theory of depression?

A

The client is preoccupied with distorted, self deprecating thoughts.

26
Q

What is the behavioral theory of depression?

A

An early traumatic experience causes depression and the person has learned that there is nothing they can do.

27
Q

What percentage of clients respond to anti-depressant therapy?

A

70%

28
Q

What is “first break” therapy?

A

The first time the patient is treated, may be for 6 months to 5 years, then they are tried to be weaned off of meds to see if it is with chemical levels.

29
Q

What are the major categories of anti depressants?

A

Cyclic, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and adjuntive therapies.

30
Q

What are cyclic anti depressants and an example?

A

The first type of antidepressants- often used for muscle pain. Ex: Elovil.

31
Q

What are monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO inhibitors)?

A

Can be dangerous, used for knowledgeable and functioning clients.

32
Q

What is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and an example?

A

The most popular treatment, effective with little side effects: EX: Paxil/Prozac

33
Q

What are some adjuntive therapies?

A

Anti-psychotics, lithium, and calcium channel blockers.

34
Q

What are some types of non-pharmalogical therapies for depression?

A

Light therapy, herbal therapy, ECT, cognitive therapy, behavioral therapy, and deep brain stimulation.

35
Q

What is electroconvulsive therapy?

A

A low energy electrical stimulation of the brain that causes a seizure of approx. 1 minute in duration. Usually given twice a week for 12-15 treatments.

36
Q

What does the seizure during the ECT do?

A

It alters the levels of neurotransmitters, basically resetting them.

37
Q

What are some nursing considerations for clients receiving ECT?

A

NPO after midnight (aspiration risk), given atropine for secretions, general anesthesia, muscle relaxant, continuous O2, Recovery room for several hours.

38
Q

What are some nursing actions for clients receiving ECT?

A

Talk to client before and educate, VS frequently, assess orientation and reorient, DO NOT LET CLIENT DRIVE HOME

39
Q

What is rigidity of thought with cognitive therapy?

A

Obessessed with a particular thought

40
Q

What is dichotomous thinking?

A

good/bad, everything is black and white.

41
Q

What is personalization?

A

feeling targeted.

42
Q

What is arbitrary inference?

A

Jumping to conclusions

43
Q

What is bipolar disorder?

A

Periods of depression that alternate with mania with periods of euthymia.

44
Q

What is euthymia?

A

Normal mood.

45
Q

What is the onset of bipolar disorder (usually)?

A

A trigger from a major psychosocial stressor or disruption in schedule.

46
Q

What are symptoms of bipolar disorder?

A

Grandiosity, decreased sleep, flight of ideas, racing thoughts, distracted, psychomotor agitation, libido increase, impulsive/violent acts.

47
Q

What is grandiosity?

A

exaggerated sense of self esteem- believe they have special pwoers.

48
Q

What are the subtypes of biopolar disorder?

A

I, II, and III

49
Q

What is Bipolar I?

A

alternating periods of depression and mania.

50
Q

What is Bipolar II?

A

Alternating periods of depression and hypomania- Not as high highs, not as low lows.

51
Q

What is Bipolar III or cyclothymia?

A

Hypomania alternating with dysthmia and euthymia- chance it will progress to I or II disorder.

52
Q

What may clients with Bipolar I exhibit?

A

Psychosis, paranoia, rapid cycling, recurrent schizophrenia, bizzarre behavior, substance abuse.

53
Q

What may clients exhibit with Bipolar II?

A

personality disturbance, depression in a seasonal pattern, often impulsive and insensitive. They have substance abuse issues.

54
Q

What is the Kindling theory of bipolar disorder?

A

Neurotransmission affected initially by stress which creats neurophysiologic sensitivity- brain chemistry has changed and it takes less and less to trigger another break.

55
Q

What enzymes are often high and low in bipolar clients?

A

High norepinephrine and low monoamine oxidase which degrages norepinephrine.

56
Q

What is the theory with circadian rhythms and bipolar disorder?

A

The internal chronometer is running faster than 24 hours.

57
Q

What is the genetic theory of bipolar disorder?

A

First degree relatives with bipolar disorder are 24x more likely to develop it.

58
Q

What is the prognosis of bipolar disorder?

A

Poorer prognosis with earlier onsets, family history, psychotic features

Behavioral Health Nursing (16 decks)

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