Anxiety Disorders Flashcards
What did Freud view anxiety as?
A motivator of behavior
What did Sullivan say anxiety was?
An interpersonal phenomenon based in the mother/child relationship.
What is anxiety a feeling of?
Apprehension
What is anxiety a threat to?
Self esteen, self identity, or some value of a person.
What is fear?
A feeling or tension state brought on by accurate perception of “real” threat”
What is fear based on?
Reality- physical threat.
What is anxiety based on?
Disproportionate to reality- no real threat.
What is level 1 anxiety?
Mild- the perceptual field is normal, the person is keen and taking in environment- need this to learn.
What is level 2 anxiety?
Moderate anxiety- the perceptual field is limited to one task, person becomes dysfunctional.
What is level 3 anxiety?
Severe- the perceptual field is limited to one detail of one task.
What is level 4 anxiety?
Panic- no information is processed, no perceptual field- may be a threat to themselves, never leave alone.
What can increase anxiety?
Life stressors and rapid changes in society.
What is generalized anxiety disorder?
A person with unrealistic or excessive anxiety related to life circumstances; they are not coping well with life.
What is a panic disorder?
The person has recurrent attacks of intense discomfort- may or may not be associated with a situation.
What are phobias?
pathological fear reaction that is out of proportion to the stimulus.
What is agorophobia?
Fear of open spaces
What is social phobia?
Fear of groups- strangers make person uncomfortable.
What is a simple phobia?
A fear of a specific object or stimulation; EX: heights, animals
What is an obsessive compulsive disorder?
An obsession that coordinates with a compulsive trait.
What is an obsession with OCD?
An undesired, persistent though- EX: fear of getting dirty
What is a compulsion with OCD?
An unwanted urge to perform an act or ritual- EX: washing hands repeatedly
What is the defense mechanism associated with OCD?
Undoing- the ritual decreases the anxiety caused by the obsessive thought; the person knows the symptoms are ego-dystonic
What does ego-dystonic mean?
Unacceptable
What does ego-syntonic mean?
Acceptable
What is an acute stress disorder (PTSD)?
Also known as post traumatic stress disorder; occurs after a traumatic event, person experiences fear and helplessness
What does the reaction of PTSD depend on?
Pre-existing conditions, coping style, support system, previous exposure to trauma, and meaning of event
What are symptoms of PTSD?
Amnesia, depersonalization, derealization, numbing, lack of emotional response, flashbacks, nightmare
When do symptoms occur after PTSD?
one month or more post trauma, can go unnoticed for years
What is the defense mechanism associated with PTSD?
Denial, repression.
What are somataform disorders?
Characterized by long standing physical symptoms with no organ pathology. EX: long day=headache
What is hypochondriasis?
When a person misinterprets physical symptoms despite medical evidence- interferes with daily life. Usually makes symptoms worse.
What is somatization disorder?
When a person seeks constant medical treatment for basically nothing; usually occurs before age 30
What is a conversion disorder?
An unconscious use of physical symptom to solve problem with no explanation.
What is a key symptom of a conversion disorder?
La Belle indiference
What is La Belle Indiference?
When a sudden onset of a crippling symptom like paralysis happens, and the person is completely calm because it gets rid of their anxiety.
What are dissociative disorders?
Disturbances in identity, memory, consciousness, or perception of environments.
What is a dissociative identity disorder?
The existance of two or more personalities when each takes control of persons behaviors
What are symptoms of dissociative identity disorders?
The person has opposite attitudes and behaviors, they are unable to recall information, personalities may or may not be aware of each other
What usually causes dissociative identity disorders?
History of sexual trauma before age 6
What is Dissociative Fugue?
When a person leaves home and develops a new identity and new activities
What is dissociative amnesia?
One or more episodes of inability to recall important personal information, usually of traumatic nature.
What are biological and physiological causes of anxiety disorders?
Dysregulation of neurotransmitters, genetic, flight or fight stress responses.
What are behavioral causes of anxiety disorders?
Person associates increased anxiety with situations where anxiety occured
What are psychodynamic causes of anxiety disorders?
Freud’s anal stage of development; OCD unconscious conflict, agressive or soiling impulse, need for acceptance. (Test question)
What are interpersonal causes of anxiety disorders?
Sullivan- originates in mother/child relationship, person has excessive need to control environment
What are primary gains of anxiety disorders?
Anxiety is reduced. (Test Question)
What are secondary gains of anxiety disorders?
Attention, taken care of, released responsibility (Test Question)
What are pharm treatments for anxiety disorders?
Benzodiazapines, Nonbenzos, Antidepressants
What are benzodiazapines used for and an example?
Xanax, Ativan; can become dependent, not for substance abusers. Use for General anxiety disorders, ASD and PTSD
What are nonbenzos used for and examples?
Buspar, Vistaril; Non addicting
What are some antidepressants used for and examples?
Zoloft; Help with symptoms of OCD, usually subside in 3 weeks.
What is Sodium Amytal Hypnosis and what is it used for?
Used for DID; The person goes into an altered state and repressed memories can come out
What are some other treatments for anxiety disorders?
Relaxation, meditation, desensitization, reprocessing, journals, rubber bands
What are short term nursing goals for anxiety disorders?
To decrease OCD rituals, seek out staff if feeling abusive
What are some nursing interventions for anxiety disorders?
Lower anxiety, listen, develop positive coping skills, reassure, stress reduction
