Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochemistry > monosaccharides and disaccharides > Flashcards

monosaccharides and disaccharides Flashcards

1
Q

two molecules that are made of the same atoms connected in the same sequence, but the atoms are positioned differently in space

A

stereoisomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

non-superimposable mirror images

A

enantiomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

D-Ribose and L-Ribose are

A

enantiomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

stereoisomers that are not enantiomers (not mirror images)

A

diastereomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

D-arabinose and D-ribose are

A

diastereomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

diastereomers that differ at a single chiral carbon

A

epimers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

D-glucose and D-mannose are ____that differ at____

A

epimers

second carbon position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

an aldehyde and an alcohol make a

A

hemiacetal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a ketone and an alcohol make a

A

hemiketal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the two possible diastereomers that are formed because of cyclization

A

anomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

alpha D glucose OH group is

A

not in the same plane as the oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

beta D glucose OH group is

A

in the same plane as the oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

monosaccharides may readily undergo several oxidation reactions in the presence of metal ions or certain enzymes

A

oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

D-gluconic acid is an example of

A

aldonic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

D-glucuronic acid is an example of

A

uronic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

D-glucaric acid is an example of

A

aldaric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

can be produced if the carbonyl groups of aldonic and uronic acids react with an OH group in the same molecule

A

lactone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

example of naturally produced lacone

A

L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

powerful reducing agent that protects cells from reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

A

Vitamin C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

another name for sugar alcohols

A

alditols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sugar alcohols are produced by the _____of aldehyde and ketone groups of monosaccharides

A

reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

free OH groups of carbohydrates can be converted to esters by reaction with acids

A

esterfication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the products of the dehydration of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol

A

esters

24
Q

originally called dextrose, it is found in large quantities throughout the natural world, a primary fuel for living cells, preferred energy for brain cells and cells without mitochondria

A

D-glucose

25
Q

often referred to as the fruit sugar, because of its high content in fruit, twice as sweet as sucrose, used as a sweetening agent

A

D- fructose

26
Q

sperm use ____ as an energy source

A

fructose

27
Q

necessary to synthesize a variety of important biomolecules

A

galactose

28
Q

a genetic disorder resulting from a missing enzyme in galactose metabolism

A

galactosemia

29
Q

D-glucuronic acid is used in the liver to improve water solubility to remove waste molecules

A

uronic acids

30
Q

D-glucosamine and D-galactosamine are the most common and often attached to proteins or lipids

A

amino sugars

31
Q

form of sugar found in DNA

A

deoxy sugars

32
Q

two monosaccharides linked by a glycosidic bond

A

disaccharides

33
Q

disaccharide found in milk

A

lactose

34
Q

lactose is made of

A

galactose and glucose via beta 1,4 linkage

35
Q

lactose is a

A

reducing sugar

36
Q

an intermediate product of starch hydrolysis

A

maltose

37
Q

maltose has what kind of bond

A

alpha 1,4 linkage between two glucose molecules

38
Q

a degradation product of cellulose

A

cellobiose

39
Q

cellobiose has what kind of bond

A

beta 1,4 glycosidic bond between two glucose molecules

40
Q

common table sugar produced in the leaves and stems of plants

A

sucrose

41
Q

sucrose has what kind of bond

A

alpha, beta 1,2 glycosidic bond between glucose and fructose

42
Q

sucrose is a

A

nonreducing sugar

43
Q

have one type of monosaccharide and are found in starch, glycogen, cellulose, and citin

A

homoglycans

44
Q

the energy reservoir of plant cells and a significant source of carbohydrates in human diet

A

starch

45
Q

two polysaccharides occur together in starch

A

amylose and amylopectin

46
Q

is composed of long, unbranched chains of D-glucose with a 1,4 linkages between them

A

amylose

47
Q

branched forms of starch

A

amylopectin

48
Q

the branches in amylopectin occur where

A

alpha 1,6 linkage

49
Q

a polymer of D-glucopyranosides linked by beta 1,4 glycosidic bond

A

cellulose

50
Q

most abundant organic substance on earth

A

cellulose

51
Q

result from carbohydrates being linked to proteins and lipids

A

glycoconjugates

52
Q

distinguished from other glycoproteins by their high carbohydrate content, roles in organizing extracellular matrix, involved in signal transduction

A

proteoglycans

53
Q

example of a genetic disorder involving the metabolism of proteoglycans

A

hurler’s syndrome

54
Q

polysaccharide in which parallel strands are joined by hydrogen bonds

A

cellulose

chitin

55
Q

used for structural support in the cell walls of fungi and the external skeletons of insects and crustaceans
contain a nitrogen group

A

chitin

56
Q

used for structural support in bacterial cell walls and have a chain of four amino acids

A

peptidoglycans

Biochemistry (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions