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Biochemistry > Introduction to Amino Acids > Flashcards

Introduction to Amino Acids Flashcards

1
Q

the building blocks of peptides and proteins

A

amino acids

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2
Q

explains the storage, retrieval and expression of genetic information

A

central dogma

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3
Q

duplication of DNA to make an identical copy

A

replication

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4
Q

reading of a gene and its production into RNA

A

transcription

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5
Q

an RNA sequence created into the corresponding sequence of amino acids to form a protein

A

translation

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6
Q

the first biological step towards the outward display of phenotypic traits

A

proteins

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7
Q

what is the unique feature of each amino acid

A

the R group

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8
Q

can act as an acid or base depending on the pH

A

Amphoteric

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9
Q

amino acids that can carry both positive and minus charges on the same molecule

A

zwitterions

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10
Q

pH were there is no net charge

A

isoelectric point

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11
Q

all four groups attached to the carbon are different

A

asymmetric

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12
Q

four main groups of amino acids

A

neutral non-polar
neutral polar
acidic
basic

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13
Q

contain hydrocarbon groups with no charge

A

nonpolar amino acids

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14
Q

have functional groups that can easily interact with water through hydrogen bonding

A

polar amino acids

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15
Q

have side chains with a carboxylate group that ionizes at physiological pH

A

acidic amino acids

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16
Q

bear a positive charge at physiological pH

A

basic amino acids

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17
Q

molecules that have the same structural formulas and bonding patterns but with a different arrangement of atoms or groups in space

A

stereoisomers

18
Q

stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other

A

enantiomers

19
Q

D enantiomers

A

dextrorotary

20
Q

L enantiomers

A

levorotary

21
Q

must be obtained in the diet

A

essential amino acids

22
Q

can be made by the human body

A

non-essential amino acids

23
Q

what are the essential amino acids

A 
isoleucine
leucine
lysine
methionine
phenylalanine 
threonine 
tryptophan
valine
24
Q

how is a peptide linkage formed

A

the oxygen from the carboxyl group of the first amino acid and the two hydrogen from the amino group of the second amino acid bond to form water,

25
Q

a tripeptide found in most all organisms and is involved in protein and DNA synthesis, toxic substance metabolism, and amino acid transport

A

glutathione

26
Q

what is the order of amino acids in glutathione

A

glutamate, cysteine, glycine

27
Q

an antidiuretic hormone that regulates water balance, appetite, and body temperature

A

vasopressin

28
Q

a peptide that aids in uterine contraction and lactation

A

oxytocin

29
Q

leads to a reversible disulfide bond

A

cysteine oxidation

30
Q

forms when two cysteine residues form this bond to help stabilize polypeptides and proteins

A

disulfide bridge

31
Q

intermediates formed by the reaction of an amino group in proteins with an aldehyde group in sugars

A

Schiff’s base or aldimines

32
Q

inhibitory NT of the brain, involved in muscle relaxation, sleep, diminished emotional reaction and sedation

A

GABA

33
Q

NT of the brain; modulates mood, appetite, sexual activity, aggression, body temperature, sleep, smooth muscle contraction

A

Serotonin

34
Q

secreted by the pineal gland during darkness; linked to circadian rhythms and sleep wake cycles

A

melatonin

35
Q

secreted by the thyroid; increases rates of chemical reactions and metabolism in almost all cells of the body

A

thyroxine

36
Q

major plant hormone, stimulates cell growth and elongation, rooting; inhibits axillary bud development

A

indole-3-Acetic acid

37
Q

found in proteins that bind calcium ions including prothrombin for blood clotting and osteocalcin in bone

A

carboxyglutamate

38
Q

found in plant cell walls and collagen of connective tissues

A

4-hydroxyproline

39
Q

also found in collagen of connective tissues

A

5-hydroxylysine

40
Q

phosphorylated derivative of OH containing AA’s involved in signaling and gene expression

A

o-phosphoserine

Biochemistry (18 decks)

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