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Biochemistry > DNA replication > Flashcards

DNA replication Flashcards

1
Q

information is copied during ____ and distributed during ____.

A

interphase

cell division

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2
Q

parts of the cell cyle

A

G1 to S to G2 to mitosis

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3
Q

period of cell growth before the DNA is duplicated

A

gap one (G1)

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4
Q

period when the DNA is duplicated

A

synthesis phase (S phase)

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5
Q

period after DNA is duplicated and cell prepares for division

A

gap two (G2)

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6
Q

G1, S, and G2 make up the

A

interphase

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7
Q

four general characteristics of DNA replication

A

chemically uni-directional
semi-conservative
spatially bi-directional
semi-discontinuous

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8
Q

scientists that proved DNA replication was semi-conservative

A

meselson and stahl

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9
Q

DNA replication occurs in specific nuclear or nucleoid compartments

A

replication factories

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10
Q

the region of DNA that first separates and replication begins

A

origins of replication

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11
Q

DNA replication proceeds in both directions away from the origin of replication

A

bi-directional replication

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12
Q

the point of separation of double-stranded DNA at which incorporation of nucleotides occurs during DNA replication

A

replication fork

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13
Q

where each separated polynucleotide strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a single new complementary strand

A

semi-conservative replication

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14
Q

the synthesis of DNA fragments that occurs in the lagging strand during DNA replication

A

semi-discontinuous replication

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15
Q

the name given to the discontinuous fragments of DNA synthesized in the lagging strand

A

okazaki fragments

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16
Q

five basic steps for DNA replication

A
  1. helicase unwinds parental double helix
  2. single stranded binding proteins stabilize unwound DNA
  3. leading strand is synthesized continuously in 5’ to 3’ direction by DNA polymerase
  4. lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously by RNA primase laying a primer down so DNA polymerase can form an okazaki fragment
  5. DNA ligase joins okazaki fragments
17
Q

unwind and stabilize the duplex DNA to form the replication fork

A

initiation

18
Q

DnaA proteins bind to origin of replication

A

initiation factors

19
Q

DnaB protein catalyzed the ATP-dependent unwinding of duplex DNA

A

helicase

20
Q

prevent supercoiling and tangling of DNA during unwinding; binding ahead of the replication fork, nick super coiling DNA, and relaxes stress allowed by uncoiling

A

topoisomerases

21
Q

prevents re-annealing of the separated single strands, protects against nuclease degradation

A

ssDNA binding proteins

22
Q

5’ to 3’ synthesis of complementary DNA

A

replication

23
Q

an RNA polymerase synthesizes a short RNA primer

A

primase

24
Q

extends the RNA-primed chain and is the main replication enzyme

A

DNA polymerase III

25
Q

later replaces RNA with DNA and using 3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity to ensure accuracy

A

DNA polymerase I

26
Q

joins DNA fragments

A

DNA ligase

27
Q

subunits of DNA polymerase that use ATP to load DNA into the beta clamp unit

A

tau
gamma
beta
beta prime

28
Q

hold/guides DNA, opens and closes to allow passage of DNA in DNA polymerase

A

beta sliding clamp

29
Q

an enzyme that removes nucleotides from the end of a polynucleotide strand

A

exonuclease

30
Q

subunit of DNA polymerase that performs 5’ to 3’ polymerase reaction

A

alpha subunit

31
Q

subunit that performs exonuclease

A

epsilon subunit

32
Q

what makes up the DNA replicating machine called a replisome

A

two copies of DNA polymerase III

primosome DNA unwinding proteins

33
Q

contains primase and auxiliary proteins

A

primosome

34
Q

repair enzymes normally present in cells where they repair low levels of DNA damage

A

DNA polymerase II and IV

35
Q

bind to sites on opposite side of DNA loop, inhibit helicase and prevent further progression of replication fork (in prokaryotes)

A

ter binding proteins

36
Q

play a role in replication termination in eukaryotes by preventing the ends of DNA from being lost

A

telomeres

37
Q

an enzyme that restores telomere sequence

A

telomerase

38
Q

how does telomerase work

A

extends the unreplicated end so the lagging strand can be completed

Biochemistry (18 decks)

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