Monocytes and Myeloid Cells Flashcards
What disease is characterized by severe neutropenia lasting 5-7 days and recurring every 15-25 days caused by apoptosis of marrow precursors and is either auto recessive or dominant?
cyclic neutropenia
What is neutropenia?
decrease in absolute neutrophil count; usually <1500/microL but varies
What disease is characterized by the production of Abs that cross react with neutrophils; it presents before 14 mos old and lasts for 20 mos?
chronic benign neutropenia of childhood
What causes increased neutrophil production?
infection, inflammation, drugs, tumors, stress, myeloproliferative disorders
Name 5 causes of neutropenia due to increased turnover of mature cells.
1) chronic benign neutropenia of childhood 2) autoimmune neutropenia 3) alloimmune neutropenia 4) drugs 5) splenomegaly and hypersplenism
What is chronic benign neutropenia of childhood?
production of Abs that cross react with neutrophils; presents before 14 mos old and lasts for 20 mos
What causes decreased egress of neutrophils from circulation?
steroids, splenectomy, leukocyte adhesion deficiency
Name 4 major causes of inherited decreased neutrophil production.
1) Kostmann Syndrome 2) Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome 3) cyclic neutropenia 4) Chediak-Higashi syndrome
What is leukocytosis and what can it mean?
increased total WBCs; infection, inflammation, stress, leukemia
Name 3 major causes of acquired decreased neutrophil production.
1) drugs, esp chemo 2) viral infections 3) nutritional deficienciies
What is alloimmune neutropenia?
transplacental passage of fetal cells to the mother causes her production of IgG Abs that then attack baby’s neutrophils; lasts weeks to a few months
What disease is characterized by the transplacental passage of fetal cells to the mother, causing her production of IgG Abs that then attack baby’s neutrophils; lasts weeks to a few months?
alloimmune neutropenia
What is monocytosis and what can it mean?
increased monocyte counts; hematologic malignancies, collagen vascular diseases, granulomatous diseases, infections, carcinoma
What is autoimmune neutropenia?
Abs to neutrophils; usu. assoc. with SLE, Evan’s or Felty’s Syndrome
What disease is characterized by defects in myeloid precursors causing neutropenia, pancreatic insufficiency, fat malabsorption, bony abnormalities, growth delay; may develop aplastic anemia, leukemia, or MDS; is auto recessive?
Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome
What disease is characterized by decreased myeloid stem cell production; very severe neutropenia resulting in death if not treated; may develop leukemia or MDS; and can be either auto recessive or dominant?
Kostmann Syndrome
What is cyclic neutropenia?
severe neutropenia lasting 5-7 days and recurring every 15-25 days caused by apoptosis of marrow precursors; auto recessive or dominant
What disease is characterized by Abs to neutrophils and is usu. assoc. with SLE, Evan’s or Felty’s Syndrome?
autoimmune neutropenia
What is basophilia and what can it mean?
increased basophil #s; food or drug hypersensitivity, urticaria, infection, inflammation, myeloproliferative diseases
What is neutrophilia?
increased neutrophil counts; >7500 cells
What are the 3 main causes of neutrophilia?
1) increased production 2) increased release from storage pools 3) decreased egress from circulation
What is eosinophilia and what can it mean?
>350/microL; allergies or allergic disorders (asthma), parasites, allergic drug reactions
What is Kostmann Syndrome?
decreased myeloid stem cell production; very severe neutropenia resulting in death if not treated; may develop leukemia or MDS; auto recessive or dominant
What is Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome?
defect in myeloid precursors causes neutropenia, pancreatic insufficiency, fat malabsorption, bony abnormalities, growth delay; may develop aplastic anemia, leukemia, or MDS; auto recessive
What causes increased release of neutrophils from storage pools?
steroids, acute infection, stress, endotoxin
