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Blood Cell Types Flashcards

1
Q

What is hematopoiesis?

A

blood making

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2
Q

What is the “peripheral smear?”

A

A drop of blood smeared on a glass slide, stained, and examined under the microscope to look for any abnormally shaped cells or cellular inclusions

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2
Q

The neutrophil is primarily responsible for _____.

A

finding, ingesting, and digesting bacteria, cellular debris, and dead tissue

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3
Q

The proportion of blood by volume, made up of red blood cells, is called the _____.

A

hematocrit

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4
Q

Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that ____.

A

binds to and carries oxygen

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4
Q

If you don’t have enough ______ in your blood, you have anemia.

A

hemoglobin

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4
Q

Lymphocytes are the key players in the ______.

A

adaptive immune response

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4
Q

The _____ translocation (also known as the Philadelphia chromosome) is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).

A

t(9;22)

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5
Q

What are the unique characteristics of RBCs?

A

1) they lack a nucleus 2) they lack mitochondria

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6
Q

The _____ can be quickly estimated by measuring the length of the RBC layer and dividing it by the total length of the column of blood.

A

hematocrit

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6
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

blood clotting

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7
Q

The t(9;22) translocation (also known as the Philadelphia chromosome) is associated with _____.

A

chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

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8
Q

The _____ of the blood is called plasma.

A

liquid part

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8
Q

A hormone produced by the kidney called _____ is essential for stimulating the marrow to make red blood cells.

A

erythropoietin

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9
Q

The most common mutation causing a lack of reduction in reactive oxygen species is glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, an ____ disorder seen in ~15% of the African male population.

A

X‐linked

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10
Q

The ____ cells are critical components of the innate immune system.

A

myeloid

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10
Q

______ are extramedullary collections of malignant lymphoid cells, usually involving lymph nodes or other lymph organs.

A

Lymphomas

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10
Q

What is the proper name for platelets?

A

thrombocytes

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11
Q

Mutations in the ______, such as pyruvate kinase deficiency, can lead to another type of hemolytic anemia.

A

glycolytic pathway

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13
Q

A thin layer, called the buffy coat, sits between the ____ and the _____ in a centrifuged blood sample.

A

red cells; plasma

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14
Q

_____ are the key players in the adaptive immune response.

A

Lymphocytes

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15
Q

What are the myeloid cells?

A

1) neutrophils (also known as polymorphonuclear cells or PMNs) 2) monocytes 3) eosinophils 4) basophils

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16
Q

_____ is the most common human enzyme defect, being present in more than 400 million people worldwide.

A

G6PD

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16
Q

The white blood cell primarily responsible for finding, ingesting, and digesting bacteria, cellular debris, and dead tissue is the ______.

A

neutrophil

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17
The myeloid cells are critical components of the \_\_\_\_.
innate immune system
18
What is the genetic cause of porphyria?
mutations in the enzymes involved in the synthesis of the heme prosthetic group
19
The proportion of blood by volume, made up of \_\_\_\_, is called the hematocrit.
red blood cells
20
One of the most common causes of anemia is ____ deficiency.
iron
21
Mutations in the glycolytic pathway, such as \_\_\_\_, can lead to another type of hemolytic anemia.
pyruvate kinase deficiency
22
\_\_\_\_\_ is the protein in red blood cells that binds to and carries oxygen.
Hemoglobin
23
What is the percentages of the different types of white blood cells called?
the differential
24
What is the genetic cause of thalassemia?
mutations in the promoter regions of the globin genes leading to an imbalance in the number of alpha‐globin and beta‐globin chains
25
A hormone produced by the ____ called erythropoietin is essential for \_\_\_\_\_.
kidney; stimulating the marrow to make red blood cells.
27
All blood cells arise from a \_\_\_\_\_.
hematopoietic stem cell
28
Lymphomas are _____ collections of malignant lymphoid cells, usually involving lymph nodes or other lymph organs.
extramedullary
30
There can also be mutations in the enzymes involved in the synthesis of the heme prosthetic group, leading to a rare disease known as \_\_\_\_\_.
porphyria
32
What is premature breakdown and RBC destruction called?
hemolysis
33
\_\_\_\_\_ are actually small cell fragments produced from large, polyploid cells in the bone marrow called megakaryocytes.
Platelets
35
The cellular component of the blood makes up about \_\_\_\_% of its volume.
40‐45
37
The hematocrit can be quickly estimated by \_\_\_\_\_.
measuring the length of the RBC layer and dividing it by the total length of the column of blood
39
What is the “differential?"
percentages of the different types of white blood cells
39
When a drop of blood is smeared on a glass slide, stained, and examined under the microscope to look for any abnormally shaped cells or cellular inclusions, this is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_.
peripheral smear
40
What does lymphoid mean?
arising from lymphocytic lineage
41
What is the genetic cause of sickle cell disease?
a substitution of valine for glutamic acid at the 6th position of the beta‐globin chain, making hemoglobin S
41
It is estimated that a single megakaryocyte can produce up to ____ platelets.
5,000
42
Since RBCs lack mitochondria, they are dependent on _____ for generation of ATP to maintain critical cellular processes.
anaerobic metabolism
43
Measuring hemoglobin gives you important information about the \_\_\_\_\_.
oxygen carrying capacity of someone’s blood
44
If you don’t have enough hemoglobin in your blood, you have \_\_\_\_\_\_.
anemia
45
The liquid part of the blood is called \_\_\_\_.
plasma
46
What does myeloid mean?
arising from one of the other cell types in the marrow, not a lymphocyte
48
The _____ component of the blood makes up about 40‐45% of its volume.
cellular
50
Name 5 different WBCs.
1) lymphocytes 2) neutrophils (also known as polymorphonuclear cells or PMNs) 3) monocytes 4) eosinophils 5) basophils
52
A thin layer, called the \_\_\_\_\_, sits between the red cells and the plasma in a centrifuged blood sample.
buffy coat
53
The most common mutation causing a lack of reduction in reactive oxygen species is \_\_\_\_\_, an X‐linked disorder seen in ~15% of the African male population.
glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
54
Measuring the ______ gives you important information about the oxygen carrying capacity of someone’s blood.
hemoglobin
55
Why are RBCs shaped as so?
1) flexibility 2) increased surface area
57
\_\_\_\_\_ and _____ are also necessary for the developing RBCs to be able to undergo normal cell division.
Vitamin B12; Folic acid
58
Platelets are actually small cell fragments produced from large, polyploid cells in the bone marrow called \_\_\_\_\_\_.
megakaryocytes
59
The t(9;22) translocation (also known as the \_\_\_\_\_) is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).
Philadelphia chromosome
60
Vitamin B12 and Folic acid are also necessary for the developing RBCs to be able to undergo \_\_\_\_\_\_.
normal cell division
61
What is hemolysis?
premature breakdown and RBC destruction
62
What are the 3 major cell types in the blood?
1) erythrocytes 2) leukocytes 3) platelets

Blood and Lymph (24 decks)

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