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Blood and Lymph > Blood Cell Types > Flashcards

Blood Cell Types Flashcards

1
Q

What is hematopoiesis?

A

blood making

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2
Q

What is the “peripheral smear?”

A

A drop of blood smeared on a glass slide, stained, and examined under the microscope to look for any abnormally shaped cells or cellular inclusions

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2
Q

The neutrophil is primarily responsible for _____.

A

finding, ingesting, and digesting bacteria, cellular debris, and dead tissue

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3
Q

The proportion of blood by volume, made up of red blood cells, is called the _____.

A

hematocrit

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4
Q

Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that ____.

A

binds to and carries oxygen

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4
Q

If you don’t have enough ______ in your blood, you have anemia.

A

hemoglobin

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4
Q

Lymphocytes are the key players in the ______.

A

adaptive immune response

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4
Q

The _____ translocation (also known as the Philadelphia chromosome) is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).

A

t(9;22)

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5
Q

What are the unique characteristics of RBCs?

A

1) they lack a nucleus 2) they lack mitochondria

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6
Q

The _____ can be quickly estimated by measuring the length of the RBC layer and dividing it by the total length of the column of blood.

A

hematocrit

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6
Q

What is hemostasis?

A

blood clotting

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7
Q

The t(9;22) translocation (also known as the Philadelphia chromosome) is associated with _____.

A

chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

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8
Q

The _____ of the blood is called plasma.

A

liquid part

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8
Q

A hormone produced by the kidney called _____ is essential for stimulating the marrow to make red blood cells.

A

erythropoietin

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9
Q

The most common mutation causing a lack of reduction in reactive oxygen species is glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, an ____ disorder seen in ~15% of the African male population.

A

X‐linked

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10
Q

The ____ cells are critical components of the innate immune system.

A

myeloid

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10
Q

______ are extramedullary collections of malignant lymphoid cells, usually involving lymph nodes or other lymph organs.

A

Lymphomas

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10
Q

What is the proper name for platelets?

A

thrombocytes

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11
Q

Mutations in the ______, such as pyruvate kinase deficiency, can lead to another type of hemolytic anemia.

A

glycolytic pathway

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13
Q

A thin layer, called the buffy coat, sits between the ____ and the _____ in a centrifuged blood sample.

A

red cells; plasma

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14
Q

_____ are the key players in the adaptive immune response.

A

Lymphocytes

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15
Q

What are the myeloid cells?

A

1) neutrophils (also known as polymorphonuclear cells or PMNs) 2) monocytes 3) eosinophils 4) basophils

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16
Q

_____ is the most common human enzyme defect, being present in more than 400 million people worldwide.

A

G6PD

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16
Q

The white blood cell primarily responsible for finding, ingesting, and digesting bacteria, cellular debris, and dead tissue is the ______.

A

neutrophil

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17
Q

The myeloid cells are critical components of the ____.

A

innate immune system

18
Q

What is the genetic cause of porphyria?

A

mutations in the enzymes involved in the synthesis of the heme prosthetic group

19
Q

The proportion of blood by volume, made up of ____, is called the hematocrit.

A

red blood cells

20
Q

One of the most common causes of anemia is ____ deficiency.

A

iron

21
Q

Mutations in the glycolytic pathway, such as ____, can lead to another type of hemolytic anemia.

A

pyruvate kinase deficiency

22
Q

_____ is the protein in red blood cells that binds to and carries oxygen.

A

Hemoglobin

23
Q

What is the percentages of the different types of white blood cells called?

A

the differential

24
Q

What is the genetic cause of thalassemia?

A

mutations in the promoter regions of the globin genes leading to an imbalance in the number of alpha‐globin and beta‐globin chains

25
Q

A hormone produced by the ____ called erythropoietin is essential for _____.

A

kidney; stimulating the marrow to make red blood cells.

27
Q

All blood cells arise from a _____.

A

hematopoietic stem cell

28
Q

Lymphomas are _____ collections of malignant lymphoid cells, usually involving lymph nodes or other lymph organs.

A

extramedullary

30
Q

There can also be mutations in the enzymes involved in the synthesis of the heme prosthetic group, leading to a rare disease known as _____.

A

porphyria

32
Q

What is premature breakdown and RBC destruction called?

A

hemolysis

33
Q

_____ are actually small cell fragments produced from large, polyploid cells in the bone marrow called megakaryocytes.

A

Platelets

35
Q

The cellular component of the blood makes up about ____% of its volume.

A

40‐45

37
Q

The hematocrit can be quickly estimated by _____.

A

measuring the length of the RBC layer and dividing it by the total length of the column of blood

39
Q

What is the “differential?”

A

percentages of the different types of white blood cells

39
Q

When a drop of blood is smeared on a glass slide, stained, and examined under the microscope to look for any abnormally shaped cells or cellular inclusions, this is called the ______.

A

peripheral smear

40
Q

What does lymphoid mean?

A

arising from lymphocytic lineage

41
Q

What is the genetic cause of sickle cell disease?

A

a substitution of valine for glutamic acid at the 6th position of the beta‐globin chain, making hemoglobin S

41
Q

It is estimated that a single megakaryocyte can produce up to ____ platelets.

A

5,000

42
Q

Since RBCs lack mitochondria, they are dependent on _____ for generation of ATP to maintain critical cellular processes.

A

anaerobic metabolism

43
Q

Measuring hemoglobin gives you important information about the _____.

A

oxygen carrying capacity of someone’s blood

44
Q

If you don’t have enough hemoglobin in your blood, you have ______.

A

anemia

45
Q

The liquid part of the blood is called ____.

A

plasma

46
Q

What does myeloid mean?

A

arising from one of the other cell types in the marrow, not a lymphocyte

48
Q

The _____ component of the blood makes up about 40‐45% of its volume.

A

cellular

50
Q

Name 5 different WBCs.

A

1) lymphocytes 2) neutrophils (also known as polymorphonuclear cells or PMNs) 3) monocytes 4) eosinophils 5) basophils

52
Q

A thin layer, called the _____, sits between the red cells and the plasma in a centrifuged blood sample.

A

buffy coat

53
Q

The most common mutation causing a lack of reduction in reactive oxygen species is _____, an X‐linked disorder seen in ~15% of the African male population.

A

glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency

54
Q

Measuring the ______ gives you important information about the oxygen carrying capacity of someone’s blood.

A

hemoglobin

55
Q

Why are RBCs shaped as so?

A

1) flexibility 2) increased surface area

57
Q

_____ and _____ are also necessary for the developing RBCs to be able to undergo normal cell division.

A

Vitamin B12; Folic acid

58
Q

Platelets are actually small cell fragments produced from large, polyploid cells in the bone marrow called ______.

A

megakaryocytes

59
Q

The t(9;22) translocation (also known as the _____) is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).

A

Philadelphia chromosome

60
Q

Vitamin B12 and Folic acid are also necessary for the developing RBCs to be able to undergo ______.

A

normal cell division

61
Q

What is hemolysis?

A

premature breakdown and RBC destruction

62
Q

What are the 3 major cell types in the blood?

A

1) erythrocytes 2) leukocytes 3) platelets

Blood and Lymph (24 decks)

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