Blood Cell Types Flashcards
What is hematopoiesis?
blood making
What is the “peripheral smear?”
A drop of blood smeared on a glass slide, stained, and examined under the microscope to look for any abnormally shaped cells or cellular inclusions
The neutrophil is primarily responsible for _____.
finding, ingesting, and digesting bacteria, cellular debris, and dead tissue
The proportion of blood by volume, made up of red blood cells, is called the _____.
hematocrit
Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that ____.
binds to and carries oxygen
If you don’t have enough ______ in your blood, you have anemia.
hemoglobin
Lymphocytes are the key players in the ______.
adaptive immune response
The _____ translocation (also known as the Philadelphia chromosome) is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).
t(9;22)
What are the unique characteristics of RBCs?
1) they lack a nucleus 2) they lack mitochondria
The _____ can be quickly estimated by measuring the length of the RBC layer and dividing it by the total length of the column of blood.
hematocrit
What is hemostasis?
blood clotting
The t(9;22) translocation (also known as the Philadelphia chromosome) is associated with _____.
chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
The _____ of the blood is called plasma.
liquid part
A hormone produced by the kidney called _____ is essential for stimulating the marrow to make red blood cells.
erythropoietin
The most common mutation causing a lack of reduction in reactive oxygen species is glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, an ____ disorder seen in ~15% of the African male population.
X‐linked
The ____ cells are critical components of the innate immune system.
myeloid
______ are extramedullary collections of malignant lymphoid cells, usually involving lymph nodes or other lymph organs.
Lymphomas
What is the proper name for platelets?
thrombocytes
Mutations in the ______, such as pyruvate kinase deficiency, can lead to another type of hemolytic anemia.
glycolytic pathway
A thin layer, called the buffy coat, sits between the ____ and the _____ in a centrifuged blood sample.
red cells; plasma
_____ are the key players in the adaptive immune response.
Lymphocytes
What are the myeloid cells?
1) neutrophils (also known as polymorphonuclear cells or PMNs) 2) monocytes 3) eosinophils 4) basophils
_____ is the most common human enzyme defect, being present in more than 400 million people worldwide.
G6PD
The white blood cell primarily responsible for finding, ingesting, and digesting bacteria, cellular debris, and dead tissue is the ______.
neutrophil
The myeloid cells are critical components of the ____.
innate immune system
What is the genetic cause of porphyria?
mutations in the enzymes involved in the synthesis of the heme prosthetic group
The proportion of blood by volume, made up of ____, is called the hematocrit.
red blood cells
One of the most common causes of anemia is ____ deficiency.
iron
Mutations in the glycolytic pathway, such as ____, can lead to another type of hemolytic anemia.
pyruvate kinase deficiency
_____ is the protein in red blood cells that binds to and carries oxygen.
Hemoglobin
What is the percentages of the different types of white blood cells called?
the differential
What is the genetic cause of thalassemia?
mutations in the promoter regions of the globin genes leading to an imbalance in the number of alpha‐globin and beta‐globin chains
A hormone produced by the ____ called erythropoietin is essential for _____.
kidney; stimulating the marrow to make red blood cells.
All blood cells arise from a _____.
hematopoietic stem cell
Lymphomas are _____ collections of malignant lymphoid cells, usually involving lymph nodes or other lymph organs.
extramedullary
There can also be mutations in the enzymes involved in the synthesis of the heme prosthetic group, leading to a rare disease known as _____.
porphyria
What is premature breakdown and RBC destruction called?
hemolysis
_____ are actually small cell fragments produced from large, polyploid cells in the bone marrow called megakaryocytes.
Platelets
The cellular component of the blood makes up about ____% of its volume.
40‐45
The hematocrit can be quickly estimated by _____.
measuring the length of the RBC layer and dividing it by the total length of the column of blood
What is the “differential?”
percentages of the different types of white blood cells
When a drop of blood is smeared on a glass slide, stained, and examined under the microscope to look for any abnormally shaped cells or cellular inclusions, this is called the ______.
peripheral smear
What does lymphoid mean?
arising from lymphocytic lineage
What is the genetic cause of sickle cell disease?
a substitution of valine for glutamic acid at the 6th position of the beta‐globin chain, making hemoglobin S
It is estimated that a single megakaryocyte can produce up to ____ platelets.
5,000
Since RBCs lack mitochondria, they are dependent on _____ for generation of ATP to maintain critical cellular processes.
anaerobic metabolism
Measuring hemoglobin gives you important information about the _____.
oxygen carrying capacity of someone’s blood
If you don’t have enough hemoglobin in your blood, you have ______.
anemia
The liquid part of the blood is called ____.
plasma
What does myeloid mean?
arising from one of the other cell types in the marrow, not a lymphocyte
The _____ component of the blood makes up about 40‐45% of its volume.
cellular
Name 5 different WBCs.
1) lymphocytes 2) neutrophils (also known as polymorphonuclear cells or PMNs) 3) monocytes 4) eosinophils 5) basophils
A thin layer, called the _____, sits between the red cells and the plasma in a centrifuged blood sample.
buffy coat
The most common mutation causing a lack of reduction in reactive oxygen species is _____, an X‐linked disorder seen in ~15% of the African male population.
glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
Measuring the ______ gives you important information about the oxygen carrying capacity of someone’s blood.
hemoglobin
Why are RBCs shaped as so?
1) flexibility 2) increased surface area
_____ and _____ are also necessary for the developing RBCs to be able to undergo normal cell division.
Vitamin B12; Folic acid
Platelets are actually small cell fragments produced from large, polyploid cells in the bone marrow called ______.
megakaryocytes
The t(9;22) translocation (also known as the _____) is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).
Philadelphia chromosome
Vitamin B12 and Folic acid are also necessary for the developing RBCs to be able to undergo ______.
normal cell division
What is hemolysis?
premature breakdown and RBC destruction
What are the 3 major cell types in the blood?
1) erythrocytes 2) leukocytes 3) platelets
