Anemia II Flashcards
What are sideroblastic anemias?
a rare group of congenital or acquired disorders
Name the 7 underproduction anemias.
1) infection
2) inflammation
3) malignant disease
4) renal insufficiency
5) endocrine disorders
6) lead poisoning
7) malnutrition
In _____, TNF decreases iron availability from stores and decreases production of EPO, and INF-β inhibits erythropoiesis.
malignancies and sepsis
In malignancies and sepsis, ____ decreases iron availability from stores and decreases production of EPO, and ____ inhibits erythropoiesis.
TNF; INF-β
In malignancies and sepsis, TNF decreases _____ and ______, and INF-β inhibits _____.
iron availability from stores; decreases production of EPO; erythropoiesis
In ______, IL-1 diminishes iron mobilization and EPO production, and INF-γ inhibits proliferation of erythroid precursors.
chronic infection or inflammation
In chronic infection or inflammation, ___ diminishes iron mobilization and EPO production, and ____ inhibits
proliferation of erythroid precursors.
IL-1; INF-γ
In chronic infection or inflammation, IL-1 diminishes iron _____, and INF-γ inhibits ______.
mobilization and EPO production; proliferation of erythroid precursors
With _____, the lack of EPO causes anemia.
renal insufficiency
With renal insufficiency, the lack of ____ causes anemia.
EPO
In lead intoxication, lead inhibits synthesis of _____ and the enzyme that ______.
protoporphyrin; ligates iron to the porphyrin ring
In _____, lead inhibits synthesis of protoporphyrin and the enzyme that ligates iron to the porphyrin ring.
lead intoxication
What is the treatment for lead intoxication?
chelation therapy
Chelation therapy is the treatment for ____.
lead intoxication
What is the treatment for anemia caused by renal insufficiency?
EPO
What is the treatment for anemia caused by endocrine disorders?
HRT
What is Methyltetrahydrofolate?
an essential cofactor in the synthesis of methionine from homocysteine in hematopoesis
__________ is a metabolite of folic acid.
Methyltetrahydrofolate
Methyltetrahydrofolate is a metabolite of ____.
folic acid
What is the protein carrier of vitamin B12?
intrinsic factor (IF)
Where is vitamin B12 absorbed?
in the terminal ileum
Where is vitamin B12 stored?
in the liver
What is the most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency?
pernicious anemia
What happens in pernicious anemia?
autoimmune destruction of IF-producing parietal cells
Where is folate absorbed?
the jejunum
How is folate stored and where?
as methyltetrahydrofolate in the liver
What is the most common cause of folate deficiency?
inadequate dietary intake
Both _____ and ______ result in megaloblastic anemia.
folic acid; vitamin B12 deficiency
Both folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiency result in _____.
megaloblastic anemia
What is the time of onset of folate deficiency?
within weeks
What is the time of onset of vitamin B12 deficiency?
several months
In the bone marrow, ______ leads to an alteration of the myeloid:erythroid (M:E) ratio.
erythroid hyperplasia
In the bone marrow, erythroid hyperplasia leads to an alteration of the _____.
myeloid:erythroid (M:E) ratio
