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Blood and Lymph > Interpreting the CBC > Flashcards

Interpreting the CBC Flashcards

1
Q

RBC is low. Diagnosis?

A

anemia

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2
Q

RBC is high. What is this called?

A

polycythemia/erythrocytosis

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3
Q

Total WBC is high. Diagnosis?

A

infection, inflammation, tissue necrosis, leukemia

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4
Q

What is leukocytosis?

A

elevated total WBC

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5
Q

What is neutrophilia?

A

increased total neutrophil count

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6
Q

Neutrophils are high. Diagnosis?

A

acute bacterial infection or a myeloproliferative disorder

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7
Q

Segmented neutrophils are high. Diagnosis?

A

tissue necrosis

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8
Q

Hypermature segmented neutrophils are high. Diagnosis?

A

liver disease, Down Syndrome, megaloblastic or pernicious anemia

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9
Q

Band neutrophils are high. Diagnosis?

A

overwhelming, acute bacterial infection

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10
Q

EO is high. Diagnosis?

A

parasites, bronchoallergic reaction, or skin rash

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11
Q

BASO is high. Diagnosis?

A

hypersensitivity reaction

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12
Q

MONO is high. Diagnosis?

A

late acute infection or chronic infection; Hodgkin’s

disease, multiple myeloma, some leukemias, or systemic lupus erythematosus

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13
Q

Lymphocytes are high. Diagnosis?

A

acute viral infection; chronic infection; early HIV; CLL

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14
Q

What is low WBC called?

A

leukopenia

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15
Q

WBC is low. Diagnosis?

A

damaged bone marrow (chemo, radiation)

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16
Q

Neutrophils are low. Causes?

A

severe prolonged infection; splenomegaly; use of damaging drugs

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17
Q

MONO is low. Causes and diagnosis?

A

glucocorticoid therapy; hairy-cell leukemia or aplastic anemia

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18
Q

Lymphocytes are low. Diagnosis?

A

HIV/AIDS

19
Q

HCT is elevated. Causes?

A

hyperglycemia or hypernatremia

20
Q

RBC is high. Causes?

A

cardiopulmonary diseases; living at high altitude; dehydration; liver or renal tumor

21
Q

What causes nutritional anemia?

A

iron, folate, or vitamin B12 deficiencies

22
Q

What causes acute anemia?

A

hemorrhage, hemolytic or hypersensitivity reactions

23
Q

What causes mild anemia?

A

renal failure, chemo, leukemia, hemoglobinopathy, thalassemia, age, pregnancy

24
Q

RET is high. Diagnosis?

A

hemorrhage or destruction; pregnancy

25
Q

RET is low. Diagnosis?

A

bone marrow hypofunction

26
Q

What does HGB tell?

A

amount of hemoglobin (oxygen carrying capacity of the blood)

27
Q

HGB is low. Cause and diagnosis?

A

blood loss, peripheral destruction, or ineffective erythropoiesis in bone marrow; anemia

28
Q

HGB is high. Causes and diagnosis?

A

reactive changes (smoking, renal cell carcinoma) or bone marrow neoplasm (polycythemia vera)

29
Q

What does HCT tell?

A

the volume of red blood cells in whole blood

30
Q

Why would the HCT be decreased?

A

anemia, fluid overload

31
Q

Why would the HCT be increased?

A

erythrocytosis/polycythemia or dehydration

32
Q

What does the MCV tell?

A

mean size of RBCs

33
Q

MCV is low. Causes and diagnosis?

A

iron deficiency anemia or thalassemia (Microcytosis)

34
Q

MCV is high. Causes and diagnosis?

A

megaloblastic anemia (Macrocytosis)

35
Q

What does MCH tell?

A

the mean quantity of hemoglobin in a single RBC

36
Q

MCH is low. Causes?

A

Hypochromatic, iron deficiency anemia

37
Q

MCH is high. Causes?

A

Hyperchromatic, megaloblastic anemia

38
Q

What does MCHC tell?

A

avg concentration of hemoglobin in an RBC

39
Q

When would the MCHC be decreased?

A

moderate to severe microcytic anemia

40
Q

When would the MCHC be increased?

A

hereditary spherocytosis

41
Q

What does the RDW tell?

A

the measure of variability of RBC size (the wider the cell histogram, the higher the RDW)

42
Q

When would RDW be increased?

A

anemia, disease

43
Q

When would RDW be decreased?

A

RBC destruction

Blood and Lymph (24 decks)

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